1. MINERvA Status Update Robert Bradford, University of Rochester MINER A Main INjector ExpeRiment for v-A

2. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 2 Question: How is MINER A like a Domino’s franchise?

3. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 3 Answer: We’re good at delivering!

4. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 4 Outline Physics Goals MINER A detector –Overview –Design changes since last PAC Review/proposal history Detector progress –Scintillator extrusion –Fiber optics/cables –PMT’s and electronics –Assembly: scintillator units steel frames prototype module Future Plans

5. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 5 MINER A Dedicated neutrino scattering experiment to run in NuMI beamline. Will measure neutrino scattering cross sections on a variety of nuclear targets (He, C, Fe, Pb) and across a variety of energy regimes (coherent, QE, resonance production, DIS). Broad physics program... –Total and differential cross sections –DIS structure functions –Axial form factor –Systematic study of nuclear effects...with high precision Provides key input for current and future neutrino oscillation experiments......and nucleon structure studies of interest to both HEP and nuclear physics communities (JLab) T2K MINOS NOvA Energy range of NuMI and MINER A

6. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 6 MINERvA and Cross Section Measurements (examples) Coherent  production Cross Section –Overwhelming statistics (> 100 increase) –Wide energy range –Range of nuclear targets (He, C, Fe, Pb) –MINERvA is in a position to measure this important background for e appearance and to check recent surprising K2K null result MiniBooNe & K2K 4-year MINERVA run NC  o single-event display (from MC)

7. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 7 The MINERvA Collaboration D. Drakoulakos, P. Stamoulis, G. Tzanakos, M. Zois University of Athens, Greece D. Casper#, C. Simon, B. Ziemer University of California, Irvine C. Castromonte, H. da Motta, M. Vaz, J.L. Palomino Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Brazil E. Paschos University of Dortmund M. Andrews, B Baldin, D. Boehnlein, N. Grossman, D. A. Harris#, J. Kilmer, M. Kostin, J.G. Morfin*, A. Pla-Dalmau, P. Rubinov, P. Shanahan, P. Spentzouris Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory I. Albayrak, M.E. Christy, C.E. Keppel, V. Tvaskis Hampton University R. Burnstein, N. Solomey Illinois Institute of Technology S. Kulagin Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia I. Niculescu. G. Niculescu James Madison University R. Gran University of Minnesota-Duluth G. Blazey, M.A.C. Cummings, V. Rykalin Northern Illinois University W.K. Brooks, A. Bruell, R. Ent, D. Gaskell, D. Meekins, W. Melnitchouk, S. Wood Jefferson Lab D. Buchholz, J. Hobbs, H. Schellman Northwestern University L. Aliaga, J.L. Bazo, A. Gago, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru S. Boyd, S. Dytman, M.-S. Kim, D. Naples, V. Paolone University of Pittsburgh S. Avvakumov, A. Bodek, R. Bradford, H. Budd, J. Chvojka, P. de Barbaro, R. Flight, S. Manly, K. McFarland*, J. Park, W. Sakumoto, J. Steinman University of Rochester R. Gilman, C. Glasshausser, X. Jiang, G. Kumbartzki, R. Ransome#, E. Schulte Rutgers University A.Chakravorty Saint Xavier University S. Kopp, L. Loiacono, M. Proga University of Texas, Austinh D. Cherdack, H. Gallagher, T. Kafka, W.A. Mann, W. Oliver Tufts University R. Ochoa, O. Pereyra, J. Solano Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria. Lima, Peru J.K. Nelson#, R.M. Schneider, D.S. Damiani The College of William and Mary * Co-Spokespersons # MINERvA Executive Committee A collaboration of 87 Particle, Nuclear, and Theoretical physicists from 20 Institutions in 6 countries...

8. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 8 The MINERvA Collaboration D. Drakoulakos, P. Stamoulis, G. Tzanakos, M. Zois University of Athens, Greece D. Casper#, C. Simon, B. Ziemer University of California, Irvine C. Castromonte, H. da Motta, M. Vaz, J.L. Palomino Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Brazil E. Paschos University of Dortmund M. Andrews, B Baldin, D. Boehnlein, N. Grossman, D. A. Harris#, J. Kilmer, M. Kostin, J.G. Morfin*, A. Pla-Dalmau, P. Rubinov, P. Shanahan, P. Spentzouris Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory I. Albayrak, M.E. Christy, C.E. Keppel, V. Tvaskis Hampton University R. Burnstein, N. Solomey Illinois Institute of Technology S. Kulagin Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia I. Niculescu. G. Niculescu James Madison University R. Gran University of Minnesota-Duluth G. Blazey, M.A.C. Cummings, V. Rykalin Northern Illinois University W.K. Brooks, A. Bruell, R. Ent, D. Gaskell, D. Meekins, W. Melnitchouk, S. Wood Jefferson Lab D. Buchholz, J. Hobbs, H. Schellman Northwestern University L. Aliaga, J.L. Bazo, A. Gago, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru S. Boyd, S. Dytman, M.-S. Kim, D. Naples, V. Paolone University of Pittsburgh S. Avvakumov, A. Bodek, R. Bradford, H. Budd, J. Chvojka, P. de Barbaro, R. Flight, S. Manly, K. McFarland*, J. Park, W. Sakumoto, J. Steinman University of Rochester R. Gilman, C. Glasshausser, X. Jiang, G. Kumbartzki, R. Ransome#, E. Schulte Rutgers University A.Chakravorty Saint Xavier University S. Kopp, L. Loiacono, M. Proga University of Texas, Austin D. Cherdack, H. Gallagher, T. Kafka, W.A. Mann, W. Oliver Tufts University R. Ochoa, O. Pereyra, J. Solano Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria. Lima, Peru J.K. Nelson#, R.M. Schneider, D.S. Damiani The College of William and Mary * Co-Spokespersons # MINERvA Executive Committee 6 new institutions since last PAC presentation

9. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 9 Detector Geometry Made of 108 planar “modules”. By the numbers: –Total Mass: 200 tons –Fiducial mass: 4.9 tons (including nuclear targets) –Total channels: ~31K Uses MINOS near detector as muon ranger. LHe Veto Wall Cryotarget

10. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 10..since you been gone... Since our last PAC presentation, MC studies have influenced detector design: –Magnetic coil removed –Removed larger diameter modules from design Approved NSF MRI grant partially funds base program (nuclear targets, source mapper) and funds expanded initiatives: –test-beam detector –LI system –LHe target Before:After:

11. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 11 Review/Proposal History April 15, 2004 – FNAL PAC Stage 1 Approval April 2005 – Last PAC presentation Suite of Director’s Reviews –January 2005 –December 2005 –August 2006 –November 2006 June 22, 2006 - NSF awards MRI Grant to MINER A ($748K) DOE Reviews: –CD-0 ESAAB: June 2006 –CD-1-2-3a Review in Germantown: December 2006 –CD-1-2-3a ESAAB: March 30, 2007

12. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 12 MINERvA Optics (Inner detector scintillator and optics shown, Outer Detector has similar optics but rectangular scintillator) (WBS 6) Extruded Scintillator Embedded WLS Fiber Clear fiber cable Fiber mirrored by FNAL

13. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 13 Scintillator Extrusions: 12/06 “Production” Run December: we had a 1-week “production” run to understand long-term yields and uniformities Samples are within spec’s: –Size Specifications Height (0.5mm) Hole (0.2mm) –Light Yield Spec’s Uniform to 5% Height Base

14. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 14 Clear Fiber Cables Lead by Rochester with support from Northwestern. Take light from WLS fiber to PMT through 2 connectors Two kinds of cables: one light tight, one used in PMT boxes In “production” style run to make cables, testing transmission now: Measure LED signal with and without tested cable in the middle Pin Diodes Jumper Tested Cable LED WLS Pigtail

15. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 15 PMT’s/Boxes Connectors interface with fiber- optic cables Weave: Maps between cables and PMT pixels Cookie: Maintains alignment of PMT PMT Front end board (FEB) will mount here.

16. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 16 PMT Alignment/Testing Alignment and testing done at James Madison University Pixels in PMT must be aligned with fiber holes in “Cookie” to better than 100 microns. Engineering review produced refinement in alignment fixturing Produced first 3 aligned PMT’s in January.

17. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 17 PMT Test Stand Test stand will be used to characterize PMT’s: –Dark Counts –Operating voltage –Relative Gain –Linearity –Crosstalk Components built by Rutgers, FNAL, Tufts. Final assembly testing by Athens

18. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 18 PMT Boxes Boxes to be constructed at Tufts and Rutgers July 2006: 8 prototype boxes (without PMT’s) completed. February 2007: First 3 boxes with PMT’s produced.

19. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 19 Electronics Being designed by FNAL, Pittsburgh, and UC Irvine. Have produced working prototype front end boards for instrumentation of prototype module. –Have been able to read out PMT’s –Commencing final iteration of design Nearing completion on first prototype DAQ system ADC Counts

20. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 20 Vertical Slice Test Test setup incorporating MINER A scintillator, WLS fiber, MINOS PMT, and prototype MINER A electronics. Used to verify key detector parameters: –Position resolution: Spec: 3.0 mm Result: 2.5 mm –Light yield: Spec: 4.0 pe/MeV Result: 6.5 pe/MeV

21. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 21 Light Injection Being built by Pittsburgh and Tufts Will track relative gain of PMT pixels through time. Design is complete Prototype LI box has been built – successfully tested Feb. 2007!

22. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 22 MINERvA Detector Module  A module with two planes of scintillator has 302 channels  254 in inner detector  48 in outer detector (two per slot)  Module construction varies with type  Ecal – lead sheets and 2 planes scintillator  Hcal –1 steel hex and one scintillator plane  108 modules in full detector Lead Sheets for EM calorimetry Outer Detector (OD) Layers of iron/scintillator for hadron calorimetry. Inner Detector (ID) Hexagonal X, U, V planes for 3D tracking 162 in

23. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 23 Scintillator Assembly Constructed at College of William and Mary and Hampton University Have completed 3 full-sized scintillator planes and 6 OD assemblies

24. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 24 Steel Frames 2 Outer Detector Frames were procured, welded, and surveyed Key parameter is flatness of frames –spec on flatness of frame is 3/16” –having first 2 frames surveyed by FNAL alignment group First frame shown at left (welded in time for collaboration meeting)

25. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 25 Module Assembly Managed by University of Rochester. Just assembled first prototype module. Will instrument module and test with radioactive sources in coming weeks...

26. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 26 Future Plans Late 2007 – early 2008: Construction of “Tracking Prototype” –20 detector modules –Will use to study tolerance stackup, tracking, etc. Late 2008: Test beam detector taking data 2008-2009: Construction of full detector 2010: Installation/commissioning of detector.

27. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 27 Fresh data in 30 (~40) months or less!

28. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 28 Backup Slides

29. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 29 Optical System: Scintillator Extrusion FNAL/NICADD Extrusion Line Facility for Scintillator production –DOW Styron 663 W + 1%PPO + 0.03%POPOP CO-EXTRUDER

30. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 30 Current Run Plan 1 “year” = 4.0 x 10 20 POT taking data in the LE beam configuration with MINOS 3 “years” = 12.0 x 10 20 POT taking data in the ME beam configuration with NO A This leads to the following event sample:

31. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 31 Event Sample: Assume: 4.0 x 10 20 POT LE and 12.0 x 10 20 POT ME beam 14.5 Million total CC events Fiducial Volume = 3 tons CH, 0.2t He, 0.15t C, 0.7t Fe and 0.85t Pb Expected CC event samples: 9.0 M events in 3 tons of CH (totally active central detector) 0.6 M events in He 0.4 M events in C 2.0 M events in Fe 2.5 M  events in Pb Main CC Physics Topics (Statistics in CH only) Quasi-elastic 0.8 M events Resonance Production 1.7 M total Transition: Resonance to DIS2.1 M events DIS, Structure Funcs. and high-x PDFs 4.3 M DIS events Coherent Pion Production89 K CC / 44 K NC Strange and Charm Particle Production > 240 K fully reconstructed events Generalized Parton Distributions order 10 K events Nuclear Effects He: 0.6 M, C: 0.4 M, Fe: 2.0 M and Pb: 2.5 M

32. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 32 The NuMI Beam: LE vs ME beam The “low-energy” (LE) configuration yields : ≈ 8 times as many events/POT in the < 1 GeV E range as the ME Beam ≈ 3.25 times as many events/POT in the 1 - 2 GeV E range and ≈1.5 times as many events /POT in the 2 - 3 GeV E range For 4-year ME run vs 1-year LE + 3-year ME run, the statistics in the 0-1 GeV E bin drops by 65 %. 1-2 GeV E bin drops by 40 % 2-3 GeV E bin drops by 15 %. Assume equal POT/year for LE and ME running

33. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 33 Relevant Channels: Low E Energy range of NuMI Energy range affected by loss of LE running Considerable action in the 1 - 3 GeV range

34. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 34 MINOS, NO A and Low E Energy range affected by loss of LE running

35. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 35 How this effects the CC coherent analysis R-S = Rein - Sehgal model P-K = Paschos - Kartavtsev Model K2K results consistent with NO CC coherent pion production (8 ± 50) compared to the original Rein-Sehgal model prediction ≈ 470. The recently updated Rein-Sehgal model predicts a (20-30%) suppression of the CC coherent , due to previously neglected (PCAC) interference term. Still not consistent with the K2K result. Would prefer at least two bins between 0 and 2 GeV to measure  behavior here. The statistics in the current 0 - 2 GeV E bin drops by 50 % if we lose year of LE. With the current expected statistics, according to Hugh Gallagher, this means a sample size of 500 events is reduced to 250 and creating two bins is tricky. K2K Result R-S on C with predicted MINER A errors

36. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 36 Measuring Nuclear Effects Major analysis to MINOS analysis: Have a reconstructed hadron energy, What is the true hadron energy before traversing the Fe nucleus? Currently, without MINERvA, need to construct a matrix between E H (true) and E H (reco) that includes our best knowledge of production cross sections, nucleon transparency and pion intra-nuclear effects - pion formation length, pion absorption/charge-exchange/inelastic scattering. Since most of these effects have LARGE errors, the matrix takes a single true hadron energy and smears it into a range of reconstructed hadron energies. Note that all of the effects mentioned are energy dependent, a different incoming neutrino energy spectrum will mean a different matrix. By measuring the A-dependence of the visible energy spectrum, we want to MEASURE a straight-forward diagonal version of this matrix. SUMMARY: LE Beam essential for measuring the nuclear effects in the beam used by MINOS for the oscillation measurement.

37. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 37 LATEST NEWS: He Target for MINER A in addition to C, Fe and Pb targets Cryocooler Chimney Dished head 1.5 m cylinder inner vessel Beam direction Layers Vacuum Shield Helium

38. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 38 Understanding the Neutrino Flux Example using neutrino quasi-elastic production: + n    + p Donna Naples - Univ. of Pittsburgh Standard 4 - year run, statistical errorCurrent (pre-MIPP) predicted flux error only Current (pre-MIPP) flux errors are dominated by hadron production uncertainties (8% - 15%), but also include beam optics uncertainties such as target-baffle scraping, horn position offsets, horn current uncertainties, # of POT

39. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 39 Potential Impact of MIPP on Flux Uncertainties AFTER MIPP assumes 4% uncertainties on the hadron production spectra compared to the (8 - 15)% uncertainties BEFORE MIPP. Uncertainties broken down into beam component uncertainties and total including hadron production uncertainties

40. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 40 MINERvA and Oscillations MINOS: MINERvA can help with better Intranuclear Rescattering Measurements MINERvA helps oscillation physics –by studying effect of nuclear medium on signal and background processes –by studying backgrounds over a wide neutrino energy range NuMI beam and nuclear targets are unique, enabling technologies NOvA: MINERvA distinguishes both background and SIGNAL cross sections in way that NOvA near detector cannot T2K: MINERvA helps by measuring backgrounds from high energy neutrinos that the T2K near detectors cannot access MINOS systematic errors before (dot-dash) and after (dot-dot) input from MINERvA

41. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 41 Tracking Prototype 20 Frames=2/3 of above drawing Once we map many planes (winter 2007-8) –Check Scintillator spacing uniformity Measure Plane (non-) uniformity across many planes Once we install many planes –Can these planes be stacked as close as physics dictates? –What is the tolerance buildup –Learn ease of cabling and post-installation testing After connecting to PMT Rack and PMT Boxes –Learn ease of replacing PMT Boxes and front end boards Once we take cosmic ray data (spring 2008) –Test tracking capability: with and without lead –Determine if U and V scintillator bars sag In time to change production assembly hardware

42. MINER A PAC Status Update 30 March, 2007 Robert Bradford University of Rochester 42 How MINERvA will use the Accelerator Shutdowns FY07 Shutdown: –Install new drip ceiling Pursuing new technology that will be less expensive, asking for quotes to cover the entire near hall, not just the “footprint” of detector (headprint?) FY08 Shutdown: –Install MINERvA Detector Stand and Strongback Must be done with MINOS Near Detector Coil off Not expected to take long Could be done during shorter shutdown if one is available (April or later) Strongback starts 1.8m upstream of front face of MINOS Near Detector FY09 Shutdown or earlier: –Start installing MINERvA Modules –Preliminary studies show crane usage does not interfere with MINOS electronics, studies will continue