1. GOVERNMENT POLICY, REGULATIONS, ETC in support of biofuels 1

2. IN PLACE: Government policy (2007) Statutory Instrument (SI) 42 (2008) Standards for biodiesel and bioethanol (2008) IN PRE-DRAFT: Biofuels regulatory framework (2009) Technical guidelines for production, storage, transportation and retailing of biofuels (2009) Blending ratios (2009) 2

3. Biofuels Association of Zambia The Biofuels Association of Zambia (BAZ) is an association of firms, companies and individuals who are producers or service providers in biofuels industry in Zambia. The Association was registered under the Societies Act of the Laws of Zambia on 25 th September 2006, with support of Government through the Ministry of Energy and Water Development. The Association dialogues with Government and other stakeholders to promote the interests of the biofuels industry. 3

4. CHOICE OF LIQUID BIOFUELS FEEDSTOCKS 4

5. In general, the choice of biofuels feed stocks in a given country depends on: National econo-political interests; Level of appreciation of the significance of biofuels industry in national economy; Agronomic and climatic conditions; and Knowledge/technology base to economically produce biofuels from identified feedstocks. 5

6. 1.Scope of wealth ownership; 2.Production technology; 3.Job creation; 4. Resilience against external disturbances; 5.Diversity of products; 6.Size of investment; 7.Market scope; 8.Land requirements; 9.Water requirements; 10. Food security; 11. Geographical coverage of wealth ownership; and 12. Environmental protection. Feedstock Selection Approach in Zambia Twelve (12) selection criteria considered 6

7. FUEL Feed C RITERI A SCO R E stockEtc BiodieselJatropha3000333333Etc33 Oil palm5000323222Etc24 Etc B/ethanolS/cane10000332112Etc21 S Sorghum3000333223Etc27 Cassava3800333233Etc27 Etc 7 In general, the best feedstock should be one that NET empowers all players across the board, from small to large. MONOPOLISTIC feedstocks are a possible breeding ground for UNSUSTAINABLE biofuels industry. Quantified assessment of 1 st generation feedstocks Feedstock Selection Approach in Zambia ( Continued )

8. Preferred (NOT EXCLUSIVE) Biofuels Feedstocks for Zambia SugarcaneCassavaSweet sorghum (Some) Bioethanol Feedstocks 8

9. (Some) Oil/Biodiesel Feedstocks PalmJatrophaCastor 9

10. Land Requirements FEEDSTOCK YIELD (litres/ha ) LAND FOR 100% SINGLE FEEDSTOCK (Ha) LAND FOR 10% SINGLE FEEDSTOCK BLENDING (Ha) Sugarcane6,00030,0003,000 Cassava (rain fed)5,00036,0003,600 Sweet sorghum (rain fed) 4,00045,0004,500 Bioethanol (PETROL: 180,023,209 litres in 2009) Biodiesel (DIESEL: 509,291,904 litres in 2009) FEEDSTOCK YIELD (litres/ha) LAND FOR 100% SINGLE FEEDSTOCK (ha) LAND FOR 10% SINGLE FEEDSTOCK BLENDING (Ha) Palm4,500114,00011,400 Jatropha (r/fed)2,500200,00020,000 Castor (rain fed)1,200425,00042,500 10

11. Major Products and Byproducts of Liquid Biofuels Industry Liquid biofuels Biogas Electricity Organic fertiliser Charcoal Animal fodder Fibre 11

12. Cake No Cake 12 Biodiesel Jatropha seeds Jatropha oil extraction Jatropha cake Organic fertilizer Electricity Charcoal Slurry Biogas Gas cooker Soap Mosquito repellant Oil Glycerol 1500 uses EXAMPLE All major energy forms are available in biofuels industry !!

13. If the Zambian Government puts in appropriate incentives, Zambians will get a result For Example European biogas electricity production in 2006 was 17,272 GWh per year, of which 7,338 GWh was by Germany alone. Biogas now represents 1.2% of the annual production of electricity and nearly 10percent of renewable energy, with an installed power close to 1,500 MW. In particular, this success is due to efficient regulations, intended to promote renewable energies. In fact, the German law stipulates the purchase price per kWh by energy distributing companies for 20 years. This price takes into account the ‘green’ nature of the energy and recompenses the operators, based on efficiency, technological innovation and agricultural re-conversion criteria. http://www.engineerlive.com/Energy-Solutions/Waste-to-Energy/Biogas_electricity_production_hits_17_272GWh_a_year_in_Europe_/20788/ 13

14. Every Zambian Can Participate 14

15. Jatropha as a Field Jatropha as a HedgeJatropha as an Intercrop Plantation ownership

16. SIMPLE TECHNOLOGIES 16 Yenga press to extract oil Oil pressed from Jatropha

17. Oil filtration 17 FROM: Kakute in Arusha, Tanzania

18. THE LIQUID BIOFUELS MARKET National Market International Market 18