1. Organic Chemistry, 6 th edition Paula Yurkanis Bruice Chapter 22 Organic Chemistry of Carbohydrates Brian L. Groh Minnesota State University, Mankato Mankato, MN Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

2. Which of the following terms best describes an aldohexose? 22.1 1.A monosaccharide 2.A disaccharide 3.An aldehyde 4.A complex carbohydrate A.1 and 3 B.2 and 3 C.2 and 4 D.1, 3 and 4 E.2, 3 and 4 Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

3. Which of the following terms best describes an aldohexose? 22.1 1.A monosaccharide 2.A disaccharide 3.An aldehyde 4.A complex carbohydrate A.1 and 3 B.2 and 3 C.2 and 4 D.1, 3 and 4 E.2, 3 and 4 Monosaccharides are polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones. An aldose is a polyhydroxy aldehyde. Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. D and L notations used in describing the stereochemistry of carbohydrates ______. 22.2 A.are directly related to R and S notation. B.are directly related to (+) and (-) notation. C.are used to describe the bottom most asymmetric carbon D.are directly related to how the molecule rotates plane polarized light E.are used to describe the uppermost asymmetric carbon atom. Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

5. D and L notations used in describing the stereochemistry of carbohydrates ______. 22.2 A.are directly related to R and S notation. B.are directly related to (+) and (-) notation. C.are used to describe the bottom most asymmetric carbon D.are directly related to how the molecule rotates plane polarized light E.are used to describe the uppermost asymmetric carbon atom. Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

6. Which of the following carbohydrates is D -glucose?22.3 Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

7. Which of the following carbohydrates is D -glucose?22.3 Each aldohexose has the D configuration. Glucose is the only one with the remaining –OH groups on alternating sides of the chain. D Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

8. The Kiliani-Fischer synthesis (below) gives what two C-2 epimers? 22.8 A.allose/altrose B.gulose/idose C.glucose/mannose D.galactose/talose E.sucrose/fructose Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

9. The Kiliani-Fischer synthesis (below) gives what two C-2 epimers? 22.8 Glucose and mannose differ in configuration at C-2 only. A.allose/altrose B.gulose/idose C.glucose/mannose D.galactose/talose E.sucrose/fructose Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

10. Which of the following Haworth projections is that of α- D -glucose? 22.11 Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

11. Which of the following Haworth projections is that of α- D -glucose? 22.11 Only B and D have the alpha configuration. Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

12. Which of the following is a reducing sugar?22.15 Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

13. Which of the following is a reducing sugar?22.15 A reducing sugar must have an aldehyde, a ketone, a hemiacetal, or a hemiketal group. D is a hemiacetal. Bruice: Organic Chemistry, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.