1. Chapter 9-2

3. 1803: Louisiana Purchase doubled size of US Manifest destiny: belief that the US’ destiny was to expand to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican territory believed this destiny was manifest (obvious), destined, and ordained by God

4. Economic opportunity: fresh start Land opportunity: land ownership = prosperity New markets: increased transportation = trade in West and with Asia

5. Native Americans pressured to move west of Mississippi River = Sauk Nation rebelled Led by Chief Black Hawk Began in Illinois & went into Wisconsin Territory

6. Illinois militia massacred 200+ Sauk and Fox NA Sauk and Fox forced to move west of Miss. River

7. Gave Native Americans control over Central Plains had to promise they would not attack settlers allow US to build government forts and roads Native Americans and US agreed on boundaries US promised to make annual payments to NA # of settlers increased and US violated treaty  demanded that NA leave land and move onto reservations

10. Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico Busiest for trade Traveled by wagon Traders would leave Missouri with cloth, knives, and guns & would return to US with gold, silver and furs

12. Independence, Missouri to Portland, Oregon Covered wagons used, but most people walked while carrying belongings Months long journey Fever, diarrhea, and cholera killed many travelers By 1844: roughly 5,000 Americans settled in Oregon

14. Joseph Smith: established Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Fayette, NY in 1830 1839: moved west to Illinois - 20,000 members within 5 years Neighboring communities didn’t like practice of polygamy (having more than one partner/wife) Brigham Young: Smith’s successor - decided to move followers outside of the boundaries of the US 1847: ended near the Great Salt Lake

16. 1842: US and Great Britain settled disputes over land in East and Midwest Oregon Territory was a “joint occupation” 1844: James K. Polk’s campaign involved Oregon Territory annexation

17. “Fifty-four Forty or Fight!” Slogan for northern limit of the Oregon Territory latitude 54°40’ 1846: Britain and US agreed to extend the Canada-US border along the 49 th parallel