1. Insert Histogram Here

2. Draw A Histogram of Summarizing 100 Mutations

3. E)-My graph not shown A) B) C) D)

4. INSERT HISTOGRAM OF STUDENT RESPONSE HERE

5. Put A Tick Mark Where A Mutation Happens for 15 Mutations

6. ABCABC D) My graph is not shown

7. A) B) C)

8. Dystrophin mutation rate is 100 times higher than other genes: why so high? A)

9. Dystrophin mutation rate is 100 times higher than other genes: why so high? A) B) C) D) E) None of the explanations listed

10. Gene Length Mutation rate per gene A)B) C)D) E) My graph is not shown

11. Why such a high mutation rate for dystrophin? Gene is 2.4 Mb long Average normal gene is 10,000-20,000 bases 2,000,000/20,000 = 100 times longer than normal gene

12. Consequences of A Large Gene Many “disease” alleles that cause muscular dystrophy

13. Observed Distribution Torella et al. 2010. Journal of Molecular Dynamics 12: 65-73

14. Consequences of A Large Gene Many “disease” alleles that cause muscular dystrophy Detected in domesticated organisms –Why not from individuals in the wild? VIDEO of MD Phenotype

15. Polar Bears Number of New Alleles Per Generation A)Less than 1 B)Between 1 and 10 C)Between 10 and 100 D)Between 100 and 1000 E)More than 1000

16. Polar Bears Calculate the expected number of new mutant alleles in a population given the following data: µ = 10 -5 - 10 -6 per gene per generation Population size = 20,000 Total number of genes = 2 x 20,000 = 40,000 New alleles each generation = 40,000 x 10 -6 to 40,000 x 10 -5 New alleles each generation = 0.04 to 0.4 diploid

17. Humans Number of New Alleles Per Generation A)Less than 1 B)Between 1 and 10 C)Between 10 and 100 D)Between 100 and 1000 E)More than 1000

18. Humans Calculate the expected number of new mutant alleles in a population given the following data: µ = 10 -5 - 10 -6 per gene per generation Population size = 7,000,000,000 Total number of genes = 2 x 7,000,000,000 = 14,000,000,000 New alleles each generation = 14,000,000,000 x 10 -6 to 14,000,000,000 x 10 -5 New alleles each generation = 14,000 to 140,000

19. Gut E. coli Number of New Alleles Per Generation A)Insert student answer B)Insert student answer C)Insert student answer D)Insert student answer E)None of the above

20. E. coli Calculate the expected number of new mutant alleles in a population given the following data: µ = 10 -5 - 10 -6 per gene per generation Population size per human = 10 grams/1 x 10 -12 cells/g = 10 13 cells Total number of genes = 7 x 10 9 x 10 13 = 7 x 10 22 New alleles each generation = 7 x 10 22 x 10 -6 to 7 x 10 22 x 10 -5 New alleles each generation = 7 x 10 16 to 7 x 10 17 ….or 70,000,000,000,000,000 new alleles born per gene per generation