1. Solar Radio Monitoring at Nançay Observatory - spectrography and imaging K.-L. Klein, A. Kerdraon, A. Lecacheux (ludwig.klein@obspm.fr)

2. At dm-m- λ radio waves: – Electron beams rising from the low corona to IP space (type III; r ≈ 1.1 R  -1 AU) – Shock waves in the corona and IP space – Confined electron populations as tracers of CMEs (type IV) Space-weather relevant processes where radio spectrogaphy and imaging provide early information ! Type III (e beams) Type II (shock wave) Kerdraon, Pick, Hoang, Wang, Haggerty 2010 ApJ 715, 468 Wind/WAVES Nançay DA ARTEMIS Nançay RH Radio monitoring of the eruptive Sun What do we see ? Type IV (trapped e) Solar Radio Monitoring at Nançay2

3. At ≥ dm-λ waves: emission at ν~ν pe ~√n e – Propagating exciter in a quasi-static atmosphere or expanding loops (CME): – Characteristic shapes of the radio burst spectra: Type III (e beams) Type II (shock wave) Kerdraon, Pick, Hoang, Wang, Haggerty 2010 ApJ 715, 468 Wind/WAVES Nançay DA ARTEMIS Nançay RH Radio monitoring of the eruptive Sun What do we see ? Type IV (trapped e) trapped e e beam shock Frequency [MHz] Time (altitude) IIIII IV Solar Radio Monitoring at Nançay3

4. 2007 May 19: SEP event (STEREO) Why does this poorly connected solar activity (EUV: W05°) emit SEPs detected at Earth (Parker spiral W38°) ? Radio imaging (NRH): because the energetic electrons (particles in general ?) are released well westward of the parent AR (shock and open flux tube geometry) ! Type III (e beams) Kerdraon, Pick, Hoang, Wang, Haggerty 2010 ApJ 715, 468 Type III Type II STEREO + NRH Radio monitoring of the eruptive Sun What do we see ? Flaring AR Type II (shock wave) Wind/WAVES Nançay DA ARTEMIS Nançay RH Solar Radio Monitoring at Nançay4

5. 2 historical instruments: – Radioheliograph (NRH; 150-450 MHz; only solar- dedicated imager at dm-m- ) – Decametre Array (NDA; 20- 70 MHz; unparalleled sensitivity and data quality; new digital receiver) New spectrograph: ORFEES, completes spectrographic coverage to 130-1000 MHz, including NRH frequencies (since 2012; coop. French Air Force) New extension of NDA to 5 MHz: continuous coverage to space-based observa- tions (Wind/WAVES, STEREO/SWAVES; since 2012) Solar-dedicated radio instrumentation Nançay Observatory space Nançay Spectral identification of mapped sources Solar Radio Monitoring at Nançay5

6. Solar-dedicated radio instrumentation Distribution of Nançay data French solar monitoring data: BASS2000 (http://bass2000.obspm.fr/)http://bass2000.obspm.fr/ SEPServer project: Particle and EM data for SEP events (server.sepserver.eu)server.sepserver.eu Release of SEPServer this afternoon, splinter meeting 17:15-18:45, Scala 3 ! Radio-dedicated database, in relation with STEREO/SECCHI (http://secchirh.obspm.fr/):http://secchirh.obspm.fr/ – Spectrographic data Nançay, ARTEMIS (Greece), Wind/WAVES, STEREO/WAVES) – NRH overview movies – Underway to 24 h coverage in radio spectrography (Kunming, Culgoora, …) Solar Radio Monitoring at Nançay6

7. Solar Radio Monitoring at Nançay Observatory Summary & conclusion Radio observations of solar eruptive activity trace potentially geo-effective dynamical phenomena in the corona: escaping energetic particle beams, shock waves, CMEs (on the disk or at the limb). Spectrographic data are available from several stations in Europe and worldwide (cf. CESRA website http://lesia.obspm.fr/cesra/).http://lesia.obspm.fr/cesra/ Some can be delivered in real time. Nançay: unique complementary data set in spectrography (5-1000 MHz – continuation of spaceborne observations < 14 MHz) & imaging (150-450 MHz) in the corona up to ≈1 R  above the photosphere. Data provision for research (http://secchirh.obspm.fr/) and space weather applications (FEDOME space weather demonstrator, French Air Force).http://secchirh.obspm.fr/ Data available for future common services in Europe (cf. Spa. Sit. Aw. questionnaire) Solar Radio Monitoring at Nançay7