1. 1. Write the component form of the vector that
1. Write the component form of the vector that translates ABC to A´B´C´.
<– 6,– 1>
ANSWER
2. If P(–8, 4) is translated by (x, y) → (x + 6, y + 1), what is the image of P?
ANSWER
(–2, 5)

2. EXAMPLE 1
Represent figures using matrices
Write a matrix to represent the point or polygon.
a. Point A
b. Quadrilateral ABCD

3. Represent figures using matrices
EXAMPLE 1
Represent figures using matrices
SOLUTION
a. Point matrix for A
x-coordinate
y-coordinate –4
b. Polygon matrix for ABCD
x-coordinates
y-coordinates
– – –1
A B C D

4. GUIDED PRACTICE
for Example 1 1.
Write a matrix to represent ∆ABC with vertices
A(3, 5), B(6, 7) and C(7, 3).
SOLUTION
A B C 2.
How many rows and columns are in a matrix for a hexagon?
SOLUTION
2 rows, 6 columns

5. EXAMPLE 2
Add and subtract matrices
5 –3
6 –6
1 2
3 –4 + a.
–3 + 2
–6 + (– 4) =
6 –1
9 –10 =
4 9 –1 –
1 –7 0
4 –2 3 b.
6 – –(–7) – 0
4 – – (– 2) –1 – 3 = –4 =

6. EXAMPLE 3
Represent a translation using matrices
The matrix represents ∆ABC. Find the image –1
matrix that represents the translation of ∆ABC 1 unit left and 3 units up. Then graph ∆ABC and its image.
SOLUTION
The translation matrix is
–1 –1 –1

7. EXAMPLE 3
Represent a translation using matrices
Add this to the polygon matrix for the preimage to find the image matrix. + –1
Polygon matrix
A B C =
Image matrix
A′ B′ C′
–1 –1 –1
Translation matrix

8. GUIDED PRACTICE
for Examples 2 and 3
In Exercises 3 and 4, add or subtract. 3.
[–3 7] + [2 –5]
SOLUTION
[–3 7] + [2 –5]
=[–1 2 ] 4.
1 –4
3 –5 –
2 3
7 8
SOLUTION
1 –4
3 –5 –
2 3
7 8
–1 –7
–4 –13 =

9. GUIDED PRACTICE
for Examples 2 and 3 5.
2 –
The matrix represents quadrilateral JKLM.
Write the translation matrix and the image matrix that represents the translation of JKLM 4 units right and 2 units down. Then graph JKLM and its image.
SOLUTION
The translation matrix is
–2 –2 –2 –2

10. GUIDED PRACTICE
for Examples 2 and 3
Add this to the polygon matrix for the preimage to find the image matrix. =
Image matrix
J′ K′ L′ M
0 –3 –1 1 ′ +
Polygonmatrix
J K L M
2 –
Translation matrix
–2 –2 –2 –2

11. EXAMPLE 4
Multiply matrices
Multiply
1 0
4 5
2 –3
–1 8 .
SOLUTION
The matrices are both , so their product is defined. Use the following steps to find the elements of the product matrix.

12. EXAMPLE 4
Multiply matrices
STEP 1
Multiply the numbers in the first row of the first matrix by the numbers in the first column of the second matrix. Put the result in the first row, first column of the product matrix.
1 0
4 5
2 –3
–1 8
1(2) + 0(–1) ? =
? ?

13. EXAMPLE 4
Multiply matrices
STEP 2
Multiply the numbers in the first row of the first matrix by the numbers in the second column of the second matrix. Put the result in the first row, second column of the product matrix.
1 0
4 5
2 –3
–1 8
1(2) + 0(–1) 1(–3) + 0(8) =
? ?

14. EXAMPLE 4
Multiply matrices
STEP 3
Multiply the numbers in the second row of the first matrix by the numbers in the first column of the second matrix. Put the result in the second row, first column of the product matrix.
1 0
4 5
–1 8
2 –3
1(2) + 0(–1) 1(–3) + 0(8) =
4(2) + 5(–1) ?

15. EXAMPLE 4
Multiply matrices
STEP 4
Multiply the numbers in the second row of the first matrix by the numbers in the second column of the second matrix. Put the result in the second row, second column of the product matrix.
1 0
4 5
2 –3
–1 8 =
4(2) + 5(–1) 4(–3) + 5(8)
1(2) + 0(–1) 1(–3) + 0(8)

16. EXAMPLE 4
Multiply matrices
STEP 5
Simplify the product matrix.
4(2) + 5(–1) 4(–3) + 5(8)
1(2) + 0(–1) 1(–3) + 0(8)
2 –3
3 28 =

17. EXAMPLE 5
Solve a real-world problem
SOFTBALL
Two softball teams submit equipment lists for the season. A bat costs $20, a ball costs $5, and a uniform costs $40. Use matrix multiplication to find the total cost of equipment for each team.

18. EXAMPLE 5
Solve a real-world problem
SOLUTION
First, write the equipment lists and the costs per item in matrix form. You will use matrix multiplication, so you need to set up the matrices so that the number of columns of the equipment matrix matches the number of rows of the cost per item matrix.

19. Solve a real-world problem
EXAMPLE 5
Solve a real-world problem
EQUIPMENT COST TOTAL COST =
Bats Balls Uniforms
Dollars
Women
Men
Uniforms
Bats
Balls 20 5 40 ? =

20. EXAMPLE 5
Solve a real-world problem
You can find the total cost of equipment for each team by multiplying the equipment matrix by the cost per item matrix. The equipment matrix is and the cost per item matrix is , so their product is a matrix. 20 5 40
13(20) + 42(5) + 16(40) =
15(20) + 45(5) + 18(40) =
1110
1245
The total cost of equipment for the women’s team is $1110, and the total cost for the men’s team is $1245.
ANSWER

21. GUIDED PRACTICE
for Examples 4 and 5
Use the matrices below. Is the product defined? Explain. –3 4 A = C = – B
= [2 1]
6. AB
Yes; the number of columns in A is equal to the number of rows in B.
ANSWER

22. GUIDED PRACTICE
for Examples 4 and 5
Use the matrices below. Is the product defined? Explain. –3 4 A = C = – B
= [2 1]
7. BA
ANSWER
Yes; the number of columns in B is equal to the number of rows in A.

23. GUIDED PRACTICE
for Examples 4 and 5
Use the matrices below. Is the product defined? Explain. –3 4 A = C = – B
= [2 1]
8. AC
ANSWER
No; the number of columns in A is not equal to the number of rows in C.

24. GUIDED PRACTICE
for Examples 4 and 5
Multiply. 9.
1 0
3 8
0 1
–4 7
SOLUTION =
3 8
–4 7
1 0
0 1
3 8
–4 7 =
0(3) + 1(–4) 0(8) + 1(7)
1(3) + 0(–4) 1(8) + 0(7)

25. GUIDED PRACTICE
for Examples 4 and 5 –3 –2
10.
[5 1]
SOLUTION –3 –2
[5 1] =
[5(–3) + 1(–2)]
= [ – 17 ]

26. GUIDED PRACTICE
for Examples 4 and 5
11.
5 1
1 –1
2 –4
SOLUTION
15 –19
–3 –5 =
5 1
1 –1
2 –4 =
1(2) –1(5) 1(–4) + –1(1)
5(2) + 1(5) 5(–4) + 1(1)

27. GUIDED PRACTICE
for Examples 4 and 5
12.
WHAT IF?
In Example 5, find the total cost for each team if a bat costs $25, a ball costs $4, and a uniform costs $35.
The total cost of equipment for the women’s team is $1053, and the total cost for the men’s team is $1185.
ANSWER

28. Daily Homework Quiz
Add or subtract
1. [ –9.2] + [ ]
[ –3.1]
ANSWER 2.
8 –2 – –
1 –7
ANSWER
4 –5 –

29. Daily Homework Quiz
3. Triangle ABC has vertices A(2, –1 ), B(1, 3), and C(–2, –2). Write a matrix equation that shows how to find the image matrix that represents the translation of ABC 4 units left and 5 units up.
ANSWER
–4 –4 –4 + –2
– –2 =
–2 –3 –6

30. Daily Homework Quiz
4. Multiply
2 –5
6 –1
3 – 2 –
6 –1
ANSWER