1. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE R. Dittmann 1, F. Froehlich 2, R. Pohl 1, M. Ostrowski 2 1 Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Hydromechanics, Dresden University of Technology, Germany 2 Institute of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering, Technical University Darmstadt, Germany

2. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada OUTLINES INTRODUCTION HOW CAN WE ASSES THE DIFFERENT PURPOSES? METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK

3. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada water supply hydropower recreation flood protection dam safety normal storage level normal storage level CONFLICT OPTIMUM TRADE-OFF releases downstream INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK

4. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada HOW TO ASSES THE DIFFERENT PURPOSES? Flood protection  damage by inundation Dam safety  required freeboard to avoid overtopping Water supply  water supply capacity Ecological performance  maintain the ecological variability (Hydropower) INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK

5. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada ASSESSMENT SYSTEM: DAMAGE BY INUNDATION Figure: example of ystem plan of river basin model. sub catchment reservoir river section Figure: HEC-RAS model. 1D/2D - dynamic water level calculations Intersection of water level with digital elevation data. The flooded area is intersected with land use data and damage functions depending on inundation depth and land use applied for each river section … INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK

6. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada Figure: parameter of wave run up.  determining freeboard The wave run up and the wind set up is calculated according to German ATV-DVWK standard. Input: - wind data - reservoir specific data - shape of water surface ASSESSMENT SYSTEM: EVALUATING DAM SAFETY INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK Figure: shape and location of water surface area Sector Wind direction dam Reference point

7. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada ASSESSMENT SYSTEM: WATER SUPPLY We use the water supply capacity with future deficit probability of 1 % of status quo as target. ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE: Maintain as much as possible of the natural flow variability. The hydrologic alteration is calculated using the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) method (Richter et al. 1997). The IHA method uses 32 biologically relevant hydrologic attributes based upon five fundamental characteristics of hydrologic regimes: magnitude, timing, frequency, duration and rate of change. INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK

8. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada ASSESMENT SYSTEM - SUMMARY Flood protection  f = min(Damage total ) Dam safety  f = min(H max ) Water supply  f = min(Q ext,target - Q ext ) Ecological performance  f = min(IHA) INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK

9. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION How can we find an optimal solution with various conflicting objectives? minimize f m (x), m = 1,2,…,M subject to g j (x), j = 1,2,…,J l i ≤ x i ≤ u i i = 1,2,…,N X1X1 X2X2 Ω Search (decision) space Ω mapped by simulation f1f1 f2f2 Λ Objective (solution) space Λ X1X1 X2X2 Front of non-nominated solutions which are the most effective trade-offs (Pareto-Front) INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK

10. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) use the principle of natural selection to evolve a set of solutions toward an optimum solution. MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION Initialize population P(g) INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK Crossover P(g) Mutate P(g) Evaluate P(g) Select P(g) from P(g- 1) Until termination criteria

11. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada Conceptual river basin management model BlueM used modules rainfall-runoff model channel routing reservoirs Complex formulation of operating rules releases can be function of Storage, time or system status releases can be scaled by system states or balances system states can be combined by +,-,*,/ or or if … then.. SIMULATION TOOL INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK sub catchment reservoir river section

12. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada CASE STUDY City of Dresden Elbe river Reservoir Malter - flood protection - recreation - hydropower Reservoir Klingenberg - flood protection - water supply Reservoir Lehnmuehle - flood protection - water supply Weißeritz basin 384 km² H max = 905 mNN H min = 105 mNN INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK

13. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada OPTIMIZATION OF LONG-TERM OPERATING RULES Inflow Lehnmuehle Inflow Klingenberg water supply (Q ext ) release Simulation settings 1980 - 2002 dt = 1d INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK Objective functions f 1,2 = min(S target - S ext ) f 3 = min(Q ext,target - Q ext ) f 4 = min(IHA)

14. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada OPTIMIZATION OF LONG-TERM OPERATING RULES INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK Flood Retention Storage Dead Storage Operation Storage Q in S target S min S max Q in × F(S), F(S) < 1 Q in × F(S), F(S) ≥ 1Q in Q min,const Q in status quo dynamic operating rule F(S) = decision variable

15. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada OPTIMIZATION OF LONG-TERM OPERATING RULES INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK Q ext,target -Q ext status quo

16. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada OPTIMIZATION OF LONG-TERM OPERATING RULES INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK

17. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada Applying optimization system to real time operation using precipitation and wind forecast Method: Optimization of releases through the bottom outlet objective function space: f 1 = min(Damage total ) f 2,3,4 = min(H max,reservoir ) Figure: system plan of river basin model. OPTIMIZATION OF SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK

18. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada OPTIMIZATION OF SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK status quo target values Pareto-optimal solution no solution is valid thus target values decreased f Lehnmuehle = -0.09m f Klingenberg = -0.21 m

19. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada OPTIMIZATION OF SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK status quo target values Pareto-optimal solution valid solution

20. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada OPTIMIZATION OF SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK status quo target values Pareto-optimal solution valid solution Solution 619  damage decreased  freeboard increased - 0.38 m - 0.26 m - 11 %

21. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada OPTIMIZATION OF SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK status quo target values Pareto-optimal solution valid solution

22. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada OUTLOOK AND CONCLUSIONS Conclusions most effective trade offs found help to understand the complex management the operator can try different solutions (trade offs) a posterior Outlook  coupling the long-term optimization with stochastic discharge model  applying Monte-Carlo-Simulation for different flood scenarios to optimize generalized short-term operating rules INTRODUCTION ASSESMENT SYSTEM METHODS CASE STUDY OPTIMIZATION OF LONG- AND SHORT-TERM OPERATING RULES CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK

23. A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE 4 th International Symposion on Flood Defence 2008 Toronto, Canada A MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZING OPERATING RULES OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIRS ALLOWING FOR BOTH EXTREME FLOODS AND ECOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE R. Dittmann 1, F. Froehlich 2, R. Pohl 1, M. Ostrowski 2 1 Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Hydromechanics, Dresden University of Technology, Germany 2 Institute of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering, Technical University Darmstadt, Germany