1. MADAGASCAR COUNTRY PROJECT Integrated Assessment of Trade-Related Policies and Biological Diversity in the Agriculture Sector Sector : Shrimp Aquaculture Pr Gabrielle L. RAJOELISON Geneva, 26-28 November 2007

2. OVERALL OBJECTIVE OF THE ASSESSMENT ▪ General objective : - Carry out an Integrated Assessment of economical, social and environmental impacts of trade policy related to Shrimp Aquaculture in Madagascar. ▪ Problems : - Environmental : land extension  degradation of mangroves - Economical : impacts on trade chains (market access for farmers) - Social : resource uses ; migration; costs structure ; benefits transfered to local people

3. FOCUS OF THE PROJECT ▪ Driving forces and sector : - Shrimp aquaculture : strategic resource - Shrimp exportation : enhancing foreign currency source - Mangrove : remaining natural and threatened ecosystems - Mangrove : source of goods and services for rural people - Rural people (fishermen) poverty ▪ Timeframe: Ex ante assessment - Identify biodiversity issues, problems and opportunities related to the sector - Identify stakeholders interests (regional authorities, investors, fishermen, local communities) - Understand the policy context and identify policy priorities at regional level - Conduct impact assessment - Develop policy options (scenario) Ex-post assessment - Monitoring and evaluation

4. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ▪ Driving force :Trade policy and trade measures - market access - non- tariff barriers - taxes - norms and quality (standards and conformity) - sanitary measures ▪ Change in land use due to change of production - extensification (more needs of mangroves spaces), - landscape state and aspect,  winner : economical operators, investors  losers : small fishermen, local people ▪ Potential negative impacts on biodiversity and farmers - Loss of biodiversity (flora and fauna) because of mangroves deforestation - Coast erosion (protection against marine stream) / Water and soil pollution - Loss of farmers (fishermen) resources for subsistence - Migration flow /people displacement - Social conflicts between small farmers (appropriation conflicts/ marine use delimitation)

5. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK (cont.) Try to draw linkages between main issues listed in previous slide: Trade measure/policy or agreement - Norms and quality - Sanitary measures - Taxes Agricultural activities -traditional fishing vs industrial aquaculture Agricultural biodiversity Farmers’ income and food security - Market access - Prices - Trade -Source of proteins Other influences on agriculture (e.g. international commodities agreement) Intensity of land use - Extensification - Mangroves spaces - Forest fragmentation Ecosystem services - Protection against erosion - - Shelter and eggs laying of flora and fauna species - Goods and services for people Other aspects of human well-being (e.g. employment) - Employment - Subsistence

6. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK (cont.) Trade agreements and other influences on Agriculture:  Price and market for shrimps  Standards and quality  Sanitary measures Human well being  Food security  Employment  Incomes  Health/ education Biodiversity and Ecosystems Services :  Provisioning (fish, shrimps, wood, etc.  Regulating Coast erosion, Waterflow, Carbon sequestration  Cultural Landscape Aesthetic, spiritual  Supporting Biodiversity conservation (flora and fauna) Primary production Eggs laying Agricultural activities and change in state of land  Extent of farms  Mangroves fragmentation  Migration flows  Wood (fuel and poles) overexploitation

7. METHODOLOGY AND TOOLS ▪ Main indicators to measure the impacts : ◦ Economic indicators - Importers standards for export (labelling) - Tax burden on raw materials - Tariffs (market access) ◦ Social indicators - Number of employees - Training programmes for small farmers ◦ Environmental indicators - Percentage of farms per size - Land use intensity (percentage per year) - Change in mangroves area (isolation of fragments) - Abundance and diversity of flora and fauna species

8. METHODOLOGY AND TOOLS (cont.) State of art and bibliography review National and regional priorities Legislation and code of good practice Policy context Aquaculture context - “Potentiality” - Biological and ecological conditions - Economical environment - Socio-cultural aspects Determining the focus - conceptual framework - identification of sustainability issues Initial workshop to launch project Screening Scoping Stage A Stage B

9. METHODOLOGY AND TOOLS (cont.) Identification of actions for implementation ACTION PLAN Socio-economical inquiry - interview - forms Feasibility study 1) Environmental aspect : EIA- - Identification of positive and negative impacts - Economic valuation of the impacts - Develop measures to avoid, to mitigate and/or to correct the impacts 3) Social Aspect – Multi criteria Analysis Root cause Analysis 2) Economical aspect – Cost and benefit analysis Comparison between cost and advantages value Validation workshop Environmental Impact Assessment Stage D Determining the focus - conceptual framework - identification of sustainability issues Stage C

10. UPDATE OF ASSESSMENT PROCESS ▪ Main steps of the research work (conducted at both national and local levels) 1. Launching workshops (information collection) 2. Capacity building 3. Bibliography studies – Review Information 4. Interviews of resources persons 5. Diagnostic analysis – Integrated Assessment process 6. Action Planning 7. Monitoring and evaluation system

11. INTERIM RESULTS ▪ (i) Impacts of the trade policy (identified in the fields) ◦ Environmental impacts : - Mangrove and wetland conversion (in shrimp ponds) - Change of coastal land use (human settlement) - Water and soil pollution - Reduction in fisheries biomass ◦ Economic and social impacts : - Land use conflicts (land use change or disruption of access for local communities) - Benefits for investors (trends to build inequalities) - Migration and employment ▪ (ii) Specific impacts on biodiversity (documented) - Fragmentation - Fuelwood exploitation - Loss of Genetic and Biomass reserve

12. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UPDATE Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Departemnt of Water and Forestry Agronomy School National Steering Commette (MEPSPC, MINENVEF, DPRH, GAPCM, ESSA) Monitoring Facilitation Coordination Focal Point Research Institution Steering Commette Institutional Structure and Mechanisms

13. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UPDATE (cont) ▪ Launching and capacity-building workshops ◦ National workshop Held in Antananarivo on May 9th to 11th - Information and communication about :. UNEP Global Initiative related to trade and biodiversity. Trade and biodiversity in Madagascar. Ecocertification. Sustainability Impact Assessment (SIA) of EU-ACP. Application exercises ◦ Regional workshop : Held in Majunga (Boeny Region) on September 12th and 13th. - Information and communication about :. Shrimp aquaculture at regional level. Trade and shrimp aquaculture at regional level. Industrial aquaculture. Application exercises

14. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UPDATE (cont) ActivitiesJJASONActors - Propose methodology of IA**RI - Elaborate a Monitoring Manual**FP - Organize Regional Workshop*FP & RI - Review the policy context and available information ******RI - Write the preliminary report***RI -Organize a NSC meeting*FP RI : Research institutionFP : Focal Point

15. MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS ▪ Assess the impacts ▪ Develop policy recommendations ▪ Develop monitoring and evaluation system ▪ Elaborate Country project final report ▪ Organize Validation National Workshop

16. MAIN CHALLENGES ▪ To respect the timeline ▪ Capacity on IA at national and regional levels ▪ Interinstitutional communication ▪ Trade policy Strategy and Action plan (national and regional levels )

17. Misaotra Tompoko