1. Mammals What is a Mammal?

2. What is a mammal? Like birds, mammals are endotherms Maintain a constant body temperature This allows them to live every where in the world

3. 7 Characteristics of a mammal

4. 1. Mammals have hair Only mammals have hair Mammalian hair is thought to have evolved from scales Hair provides insulation & waterproofing – which conserves body heat

5. 2. Mammals can cool off a. Panting is one adaptation for cooling off the body It releases water from the lungs, which results in a loss of body heat

6. Cooling Off … b. Glands secrete various substances needed by the animal to cool off We have several glands (saliva, milk,sweat glands digestive enzymes & hormones) As water evaporates, it transfers heat from the body to the surrounding air cooling you

7. 3. Mammals have a diaphragm Is a sheet of muscles located beneath the lungs It separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity This allows large amounts of oxygen to enter the body & reach all the cells

8. 4. Mammals have adaptations for finding food Helps maintain a steady body temperature Have limbs for gathering food

9. 5. Mammals have adaptations for consuming food Teeth are distinguishing features Scientists can determine what kind of food it eats

10. Different kinds of teeth for the food they eat 1. Pointed Incisors: pointed incisors of moles grasp and hold small prey. 2. Chisel-like Incisors: for gnawing (beavers)

11. Different kinds of teeth for the food they eat 3. Canines: Puncture and tear the flesh of its prey (tigers)

12. Different kinds of teeth for the food they eat 4. Premolars and Molars: are used for slicing or shearing, crushing & grinding

13. Different kinds of teeth for the food they eat Cud Chewing is an adaptation that breaks down the cellulose in plant cell walls into nutrients Partially digested food is called cud & is swallowed, is brought back up to the mouth & chewed again until food particles are small enough to pass to the other stomach

14. Chapter Assessment Of the teeth shown, which set would most likely be used by an animal that feeds on grass. D. C. B. A.

15. 6.Mammals nurse their young Feed young from mammary glands. Mammary glands secretes milk, enabling the mother to nourish their young until they are mature enough to find food & protect themselves.

16. 7. Mammals are intelligent Learn behaviors Primates (including humans) are the most intelligent. Results of a complex nervous system & highly developed brain.

17. Section 32.1 Summary – pages 841 - 847 Motor area Sensory area Language area Vision area General interpretation area Cerebrum Speech area Taste area Intellect, learning, and personality Hearing area Brain stem Cerebellum Balance area Mammals can learn

18. Diversity of Mammals Section 2

19. Diversity The majority of mammals belong to 3 subclasses of the class Mammalian Scientists place mammals into 1 of 3 subclasses based on their reproduction

20. 1. Placental Mammals Mammals that carry their young inside the uterus until birth Nourishment takes place inside the uterus through the placenta

21. Placenta The placenta also functions in passing oxygen to and removing waste from the developing embryo 95% of all mammals are placental

22. Gestation of placental mammals Gestation is the time it takes for young placental mammals to develop inside the uterus Asian Elephant gestation is about 23 months…what do you think a gorilla’s gestation is?

23. 2.Marsupials Young have a short period of development within the mothers body, followed by a second period of development inside a pouch made of skin & hair found outside the mothers body

24. Most Marsupials are found … In Australia & surrounding islands due to Pangaea Opossum originated in Mexico Marsupial Mole

25. Tasmanian Devil Koala

26. 3. Monotreme: Egg Layers Mammal that reproduced by laying eggs Monotremes are found only in Austria, Tasmania, & New Guinea Only 3 species of Monotremes are alive today:

27. 3 species of Monotremes 1.Duck-billed platypus: mostly aquatic animals. -Broad, flat tail, (like a beaver), -rubbery snout (like the bill of a duck); -webbed front feet for swimming, but sharp claws on its front & hind feet for digging; body covered with tick brown fur.

28. Spiny Anteater 2.Two Specie of the Spiny anteater: 2 species called echidnas Description: Coarse, brown hair & its back & sides are covered with sharp spines that can erect for defensive purposes when threatened. Mouth located at the end of a long snout, it extends its long, sticky tongue to catch insects.

29. 2 specie of Spiny Anteater