1. Study Design and Measures of Disease Frequency Intermediate Epidemiology

2. Objectives To discuss Kaplan Meier survival curves To discuss different types of rates that are commonly used in epidemiology

3. Absolute measures of Disease Frequency MeasureExpressesTypes of Events IncidenceFrequency of a new event New or recurrence of a disease Death Development of a side effect PrevalenceFrequency of an existing event Point Period Cumulative

5. Incident Rate

7. Prevalence Rate

8. Period Prevalence

9. Mortality Rates

11. Cause-specific mortality rates

12. Case-fatality rate

13. Infant Mortality Rate Special Mortality rates Neonatal = under age of 28 days Post-neonatal = 28 days to 11 months

14. Age-specific mortality rates The number of deaths in a specific age group during a specified period of time ____________________________________ The total number of individuals in that same age group During the same period of time Example: Homicides among 15-35 year olds in New Orleans for 1994 ___________________________________ The number of persons aged 15-35 in New Orleans In `994

15. Fetal Death Rate

16. Crude Birth Rate

17. Fertility Rate

18. Survival Rate

19. Other measures Ratio - expresses a relationship between two quantified measures (i.e.male:female) Proportion - types of ratios where the numerator is included in the denominator –PMR - indicates the relative importance of specific causes of death to the total number of deaths in a specific population (expressed as a percentage)