1. Seminar on: Cloud Computing University of Khartoum Faculty of Mathematical Science Dept. of IT By: Mosab Abdalrhman Ahmed Ahmed Abdelmonim Hassan Hussam El-din Abdul-Aziz Mohammed

2. Outlines What is cloud computing? How does it Works? The need of cloud computing. The concerns and the risks

3. Introduction History:- The term "cloud" is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on the cloud drawing used in the past to represent the telephone network, and later to depict the Internet in computer network diagrams. as an abstraction of the underlying infrastructure it represents. In 1969, Leonard Kleinrock, one of the chief scientists of the original (ARPANET), said: “As of now, computer networks are still in their infancy, but as they grow up and become sophisticated, we will probably see the spread of “computer utilities” which, like present electric and telephone utilities, will service individual homes and offices across the country.

4. Overview Cloud computing is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices as a service over a network (typically the Internet). Cloud computing providers & deliver applications via the internet, which are accessed from web browsers and desktop and mobile apps, while the business software and data are stored on servers at a remote location. The concept incorporates software as a service (SaaS), Web 2.0 and other recent, well-known technology trends, in which the common theme is reliance on the Internet for satisfying the computing needs of the users. An often-quoted example is Google Apps, which provides common business applications online that are accessed from a web browser, while the software and data are stored on Google servers. The cloud is a metaphor for the Internet, based on how it is depicted in computer network diagrams, and is an abstraction for the complex infrastructure it conceals

5. Cloud computing delivers services, which are made available to consumers as subscription-based services under the pay-as-you-go model. A recent report stated “Cloud Computing, the long-held dream of computing as a utility, has the potential to transform a large part of the IT industry, making software even more attractive as a service”. Clouds aim to drive the design of the next generation data centers by architecting them as networks of virtual services (hardware, database, user-interface, application logic) so that users can access and deploy applications from anywhere in the world on demand at competitive costs depending on their QoS (Quality of Service) requirements. A cloud service has three distinct characteristics that differentiate it from traditional hosting. (It is sold on demand, typically by the minute or the hour; it is elastic -- a user can have as much or as little of a service as they want at any given time; and the service is fully managed by the provider) the consumer needs nothing but a personal computer and Internet access

6. Example:- Let’s say you're an executive at a large corporation. Your particular responsibilities include making sure that all of your employees have the right hardware and software they need to do their jobs. Buying computers for everyone isn't enough, you also have to purchase software or software licenses to give employees the tools they require. Whenever you have a new hire, you have to buy more software or make sure your current software license allows another user. In the cloud Model, Instead of installing a suite of software for each computer, you'd only have to load one application. That application would allow employees to log into a Web-based service which hosts all the programs the user need for his job. Remote machines owned by another company would run everything from e- mail to word processing to complex data analysis programs. It's called cloud computing, and it could change the entire computer industry.

7. Needs of cloud computing For example some site remains almost unused for most of the year, It would be wasteful to have servers which can cater to the maximum need, as they wont be needed during the rest of the year. The concept of cloud computing comes to the rescue at this time. During the peak period, cloud providers such as Google,Yahoo,Microsoft etc. can be approached to provide the necessary server capacity. In this case, Infrastructure is provided as a service (IaaS) through cloud computing. Likewise, cloud providers can be approached for obtain software or platform as a service. Developers with innovative ideas for new Internet services no longer require large capital outlays in hardware to deploy their service or human expense to operate it. Cloud computing offers significant benefits to IT companies by freeing them from the low-level task of setting up basic hardware and software infrastructures and thus enabling focus on innovation and creating business value for their services.

8. Cloud Computing Concerns Perhaps the biggest concerns about cloud computing are security and privacy. The idea of handing over important data to another company worries some people. The counterargument to this position is that the companies offering cloud computing services live and die by their reputations. It benefits these companies to have reliable security measures in place. Otherwise, the service would lose all its clients. It's in their interest to employ the most advanced techniques to protect their clients' data. Privacy is another matter. If a client can log in from any location to access data and applications, it's possible the client's privacy could be compromised. Cloud computing companies will need to find ways to protect client privacy. One way is to use authentication techniques such as user names and passwords. Another is to deploy an authorization format each user can access only the data and applications relevant to his or her job.

9. Barriers to Cloud Computing Data Security: Many customers don’t wish to trust their data to “the cloud”, Data must be locally retained for regulatory reasons. Latency: Not suitable for real-time applications. Application Availability: Cannot switch from existing legacy applications, Equivalent cloud applications do not exist. Not all applications work on public clouds.

10. CONCLUSION

11. Innovation appear with successful platform. Don’t yet offer the full spectrum of an on- premises environment. Aren’t yet at the center of most people’s attention. The next generation of application platforms is cloud computing. There are several key security issues must keep in mind.

12. Cloud computing blurs the natural perimeter between the protected inside and the hostile outside. The issue of availability. Lower the cost of operations.

13. Cloud computing comes into focus only when you think about what IT always needs: a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT's existing capabilities.

14. References Cloud Computing Explained: Implementation Handbook for Enterprises by : John Rhoton Cloud Security and Privacy: An Enterprise Perspective on Risks and Compliance (Theory in Practice) by: Tim Mather www.Wikipedia.com

15. The END Safety & peace