1. Measure Once and Report Universally 27 th STAR Session David Duncan IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCES AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES

2. Developing an IWRM regional monitoring programme that meets water resource reporting requirements from the local to the global level

3. Reporting Tools

4. Reporting Challenges What are the questions? –What matters? (policy question of values) –What changes matter? –Are things changing/not changing in the right way? –Are we making the right difference? –Could we do better?

5. Water Related Information Needs How do we get healthier? –Access to improved drinking water and sanitation –~ 10% of all deaths in children under 5 due to waterborne diseases How do we reduce poverty? –Basic human rights with respect to water and sanitation –Only ~ 50% have this in the Pacific How do we increase development opportunity? –Removing water resource barriers to development –e.g. Nadi tourism development How do we improve well-being? –Improve equity through good governance –One country with both national legislation and policy

6. Water Related Information Needs How much water do we have? –No consolidated information – limited for four countries How much water do we need? –No consolidated information – largely urban How good is the water? Does it meet our needs? –Quantity – enough? Too much? Location? –Quality? – meet human and ecosystem needs? –How do we deal with stress? Disaster? Can we use it/do better? How will this change? –Drivers & Climate change

7. Regional Reporting Needs MDGs –Access to improved drinking water –Access to improved sanitation –2 nd ary – reduce child mortality Treaties/Conventions –E.g. Mauritius Declaration for sustainable SIDS development –UN Convention on Desertification (UNCCD) –Convention on Wetlands (RAMSAR) Global/Regional Forums –E.g. Asia Pacific Water Summit

8. Regional Reporting Needs Regional Organisational Reports –ADB Asian Water Development Outlook (AWDO) –UNEP Pacific Environment and Climate Change Outlook (PECCO) Forum National Reporting and strategic decision- making

9. How well do we provide Information? AWDO 2007 – No Pacific Data AWDO 2010 – Data for five core indicators: –Household access (MDGs supply & sanitation) –Urban development ? –Production Efficiency [Agricultural (2), Industrial (2), Energy (0), Environmental (2))  ? –Environmental health  –Disaster preparedness ? Only able to report on 2 countries (PNG & Fiji) Now likely to use “Expert Opinion” No data available for poverty MDG for 1/3 PICs Need for disaggregated data

10. Pacific Specific Indicators Productivity –$GDP/Water used –Typically efficient $23-25 USD/m 3 –Developing typically $2-15 USD/m 3 –PNG > $1M USD/m 3 Environmental Health –Models based on developed temperate systems Disaster management capacity –de facto indicators ignore key components missing in Pacific

11. Water and sanitation access Local ecosystem health/fishery catch Local productivity Water and sanitation access Catchment health and productivity Catchment Plan implementation Water and sanitation access Poverty reduction Biodiversity Equity Water and sanitation access Equity Biodiversity Productivity Policy implementation Local Participatory M&E Catchment Reporting National Reporting Regional Reporting Global Reporting Water and sanitation access Equity Biodiversity Productivity

12. National Water Reporting National obligations –Biodiversity convention –MDGs –Mauritius Declaration –Desertification (UNCCD) National Strategic Plan –Very limited national water reporting (Samoa) Legislated –Very limited (Vanuatu) How to drive sustainable monitoring in-country?

13. Policy Engagement To provide adequate and appropriate information to manage resources To ensure adequate funding is provided To provide a framework to support local engagement Indicators must be meaningful at all levels Reporting must be meaningful at all levels

14. Reporting Needs What are the questions? –What matters? (policy question of values) –What changes matter? –Are things changing/not changing in the right way? –Are we making the right difference? –Could we do better? These questions are the same at all levels The answers can change at different levels

15. Reporting Cycles MDGs JMP – 2 years MEAs – varying years Regional Reporting –ADB AWDO 3 years –UNEP GEO 5 years National – annual IEA (e.g. State of Environment) – typically 5 years often ad hoc Need to be able to report at any point in time, or rely on old data

16. Drivers Population growth Economic development Geographical constraints Climate change Pressures Reducing water resources Increased rainfall variability Land use change Pollution and waste disposal Increasing demand State Reduced capacity to meet demand Degraded ecosystems Impacts Health impacts Economic barriers Increased human and ecosystem vulnerability Response Improved waste management Policy decisions IWRM

17. Indicator Framework Status / stress reduction / process indicators High level indicators (AWDO / PWVA / PECCO) focus on status and some stress reduction Process indicators need to be incorporated Indicator timelines

18. Process 010years 20 30+ Stress Reduction Status

19. Expectations (values) Socio-economic status –Access to improved drinking water source –Access to improved sanitation –Ratio of rural to urban supply (%) –Equity Ecological status –Water flows and quality –Ecosystem health –Fish populations –Habitat Requires consultation What changes to status matters?

20. Early Indicators of Change Stress reduction –Reduction in wastewater discharges –Protection of catchments –Water allocation –Vegetation coverage Water Use Efficiency –% of available water extracted –% of captured and/or treated water reaching households/crops –$ value of volume use

21. Appropriate Process Catalytic indicators –Leveraged co-funding –Legislation/policy changes Governance –Transparency of decisions –Devolution of decision-making –Gender balance / Engagement of vulnerable stakeholders in decision-making process

22. How would it work? Aggregated reviews from local/project level Indicators appropriate at local and national level Regionally able to report on country and region either on proportion of countries/ population Adaptable framework to incorporate relevant indicators Presentation styles can be adapted to accommodate target audiences Need to incorporate status, stress reduction and process indicators Intuitive

23. Uncontrolled Controlled Reduced / Removed Status Stress Process Very Low Low Moderate High Very High Degraded / Undeveloped Impacted Urban / Rural Protected High for All No systems / Governance Systems / Governance Implemented / Regulated / Transparent

24. Regional Indicator Framework Challenges –Engage policy makers –Develop enabling framework –Raise awareness of the need for indicators –Raise awareness of the interpretation of indicators –Logistical – coordination of country reporting and inputs –Resourcing challenges – money and skills –Consensus on framework

25. Where to from here? RTAG to take this forward Develop for endorsement by RSC RSC engage in-country Iterative process Work with country PCU and EU IWRM on policy links Work with country APEX bodies on policy links Work with PCU on participatory aspects of local monitoring Ultimately framework valued by countries, used regionally and globally