1. Mozambique’s print media is the purview of an elite minority as a result of the country’s high rate of illiteracy (over half) Print Media: An Elite Medium

2. 15,000 Mozambican Newspapers: Top Weeklies Newspapers Weekly Circulation Currently 10 to 15 newssheets Email and “fax-papers” have 400 influential subscribers 13,000 5,000 20,000 12,000

3. Mozambique’s challenge: How can the press to attract advertising revenues under current economic conditions?

4. National Union of Journalists: focuses on legal and labor rights of its members. Media Institute of Southern Africa: promotes and defends freedom of expression. Southern African Media Development Fund: (SAMDEF) contributes to the development of the press and launched daily O Pais. Media Support Donor Support Organizations Supporting Mozambique Media Development

5. Case study: VIETNAM

6. Data Type 2010 (Estimate) Population 88 million Literacy rate 97% Per capita GDP $ 1,156 Urban/rural population 26%/74% Cell phone penetration 98 million Internet penetration 29% Vietnam Country Snapshot

7. Vietnam’s newspaper sector is fully state-owned, with a two-tiered system: A smaller group of elite newspapers are granted financial independence to reduce budgetary burden. 2. Most newspapers act as propaganda machine for the state and in return, receive heavy subsidies. 1.

8. 400,000 Vietnam Newspaper Circulation: Top Dailies 400,000 380,000 180,000 250,000

9. Estimated at US $736 million

10. The Vietnamese government wants to maintain editorial control but wean newspapers from state subsidies… …Can this equation work?

11. To learn more: Financially Viable Media in Emerging and Developing Markets A 2011 WAN-IFRA Report The World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) http://www.wan-ifra.org