1. Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory Chemical and Biological Impacts of Roadway Derived Contaminants Entering Stormwater Retention Systems S. Lev 1, R. Casey 1, E. Landa 2 and J. Snodgrass 1 1 Urban Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Towson University, Towson, MD 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division-National Research Program, Reston, VA

2. Roadway Derived Contaminants (trace metals) Stormwater Retention Basin Sediments Biota Soils Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory

3. Baltimore N Red Run watershed

4. Change in wetland landscape of Red Run Watershed: 1987-2000 Study area

5. 10 7 6 5 11 8 9 4 3 2 XXXXX Owings Mills Blvd. Monitoring Station Watershed scale transport and long term storage Transport Availability Storage Amphibian Bioassay Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory

6. Field Study –Characterize Cu and Zn speciation in stormwater runoff –Evaluate road dust as a potential source in runoff and retention pond sediments –Determine potential availability of metals in pond sediments –Determine storage of Cu and Zn in pond Laboratory Bioassay –Determine effects of aged tire debris and Zn 2+ on wood frog (Rana sylvatica) eggs and larvae Project Objectives Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory

7. Zn and Cu in Roadway Runoff Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory

8. 16500 g Zn = 73.3 storms 225 g Zn storm -1 73 storms can occur over a 3-4 year period Indicates a loss of Zn into surrounding environment 6000 g Cu = 140 storms 43 g Cu storm-1 140 storms can occur over a 7-9 year period Indicates some loss of Cu to surrounding environment Fate of Zn and Cu in Retention Pond Lost from system Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory

9. Zn Accumulation in Tissues Hatching success was significant between clutches (P<0.0001) and moderately significant between treatments (P=0.0442) Significant differences in time to metamorphosis between treatments (P=0.0081). Tire and ZnCl2 were slower than soil, but were not significantly different from each other Accumulation in tissues was significant between treatments (P<0.0001) and all treatments were significantly different from each other Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory Wood Frog Bioassay

10. 10 7 6 5 11 8 9 4 3 2 XXXXX Owings Mills Blvd. Monitoring Station Watershed scale transport and long term storage Transport Availability Storage Amphibian Bioassay Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory

11. Discharge (cfs) Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory Research Objectives - Evaluate metal storage in retention ponds - Assess dissolved and particulate bound metal transport out of the watershed 1 10 100 1000 0510152025 Suspended Sediment (mg/L) natural Zn background (high flow) anthropogenic Zn dominated (low flow)

12. Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory

13. vary through out soil column roadway derived metals earthworm mixing and vertical transport soil weathering physical processes chemical processes Bioaccumulation ingestion Earthworm driven chemcial transformations excretion mortality abiotic processes abiotic transformations Earthworm driven transformations Earthworm Soil System digestion trophic transfer organic matter pH, soil moisture mineralogy Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory

14. Earthworm driven physical weathering Earthworm driven chemical weathering Total Zn (ppm) 50 60 70 80 90 MgCl 2 extractable Zn (ppb) Control 1Control 2Worms 1Worms 2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 Roadway Dust Soil Zn-bearing dust particles

15. A B BA BA Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory section through earthworm in-situ Zn Cu  -SR-XRF Line Scan gut burrow wall

16. Zn-enriched particles Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory gut burrow epidermis  -SR-XRF Zn Elemental Map

17. Roadway Derived Contaminants (trace metals) Stormwater Retention Basin Sediments Biota Soils Urban Environmental Biogeochemsitry Laboratory

18. Funding Maryland Water Resource Research Center Patuxent Wildlife Research Center USGS NSF-DMR and NSF CHEM Towson University People Kathy Szlavecz (JHU) Tony Lanzirotti (BNL-NSLS) Kim Camponelli Judith Simon Whitney Carroll Amanda Shaw Stephanie Atueyi Liz Wright Casey Jackson Valerie Schmidt Rob Flora Jeff Klupt