1. LORAN TRANSITION Briefing to National PNT Advisory Board Captain Curtis Dubay, PE Department of Homeland Security U. S. Coast Guard Friday, October 5, 2007

2. Page 2 Loran Decision Background Congressionally directed program since 1997 –$160M of modernization funding provided over past decade –Decision required to either terminate or sustain/enhance system (non-decision = terminate) DOT and DHS tasked with responsibility to make decision on Loran –2005 Federal Radionavigation Plan –NSPD (National Space-Based PNT Policy of Dec 2004) –Congressional Direction (Appropriations Language)

3. Page 3 DOT/DHS Loran Decision Process Loran Independent Assessment Team commissioned –Commissioned August 2006 –Tasked to assess the U.S. national need for continuing Loran Federal Register Notice released for public comment –Nearly 1000 Comments received –92% of comments support Loran-C and/or eLoran –8% support termination of Loran-C –80% support a national backup for GPS DHS & DOT utilizing established PNT Exec. Committees –DOT Extended POS/NAV Executive Committee –DHS Geospatial/PNT Executive Committee –National PNT Executive Committee

4. Page 4 Technical Approach: Upgrade existing station transmitting equipment to new solid state transmitters (NSSX) & associated timing equipment. CONUS stations have all been upgraded. 5 Alaska stations still need upgrades. Complete transition to Time of Arrival (TOA), known as “pseudo-range” navigation (same as GPS). Incorporate new messaging channel to increase position & time accuracy (differential Loran, integrity, & time messages) Support operation of modern all-in-view equipment (improves fix geometry for better accuracy & extends coverage). Support wide user-base (maritime, aviation, timing, land-mobile navigation). Operational Capability to be Provided eLoran can be used as backup/complement to GPS. Terrestrial, high power, low freq; inverse of GPS; Inherently less susceptible to deliberate interference. GPS-like, digital user equipment. Position data presented in LAT/LON coordinates. Meets Maritime Harbor Entrance & Approach accuracy requirement of 10-20M. Meets Aviation Required Navigation Performance of 0.3 nautical miles for Non-Precision Approach & integrity. Meets precise frequency & timing requirements. Coverage in many obstructed areas not served by GPS. ROM Cost & Schedule: Loran-C Modernization ongoing since 1997. $160M invested to date. Additional ~$400M (high end estimate) to achieve 20 year system service life, inclusive of: –3 new stations (Gulf Coast, Southern CA, Caribbean) –Installation of ASF monitors at specified ports –Relocation of 2 Alaska Loran Stations –Tower Replacements –Complete modernization in AK –Complete modernization in CONUS (SSX rehab/replacement) –Civil Engineering Operations and maintenance cost (FY’06) $45M annually. $22M/year projected upon implementation of full eLoran system architecture / de-staffed operations. Enhanced Loran (eLoran) Operational Concept Loran Data Channel (LDC) Timing/Integrity Accuracy & Integrity Timing

5. Page 5 Capabilities Progression User Required CapabilitiesLoran-C Modernized Loran - 2007 eLoran Aviation En Route (RNP 2.0 ->1.0)Yes Terminal (RNP 0.3)No Yes Non-Precision Approach (NPA) - RNP 0.3No Yes Maritime OceanicYes Coastal Confluence Zone (CCZ)Yes Harbor Entrance and Approach (HEA)No Yes Telecom & Other (Time/Frequency) Stratum 1 FrequencyYes Time of Day/Leap Second/UTC ReferenceNoYes Precise Time [<50 ns UTC(USNO)]No Yes

6. Page 6 eLoran Way Ahead Primary focus to upgrade transmitting sites –19 of 24 stations modernized and Loran Data Channel Capable – key element of eLoran Getting to eLoran –Upgrade remaining 5 stations (reduces to 4 - Dec 07) –Install monitor network (integrity/accuracy/time) –Expand coverage (three new stations)

7. Page 7 Global Loran Coverage

8. Page 8 U.S. Loran System Kodiak Port Clarence Tok St. Paul Shoal Cove NAVCEN WEST George Havre Baudette Fallon Searchlight Middletown Las Cruces Raymondville Gillette Boise City Dana Jupiter CaribouSeneca Malone Carolina Beach Grangeville LSU NAVCEN Tube Type Stations Control Stations Modernized St. Paul complete Dec 07 Attu

9. Page 9 Modernization Status 19 of 24 (Conus + Kodiak) transmitting stations are modernized: –Tube-type transmitter replaced with New Solid State transmitter (NSSX) capable of transmitting loran data channel –New signal/system control equipment

10. Page 10 Modernization Funding History Total - ~$160M

11. Page 11 Notional Funding Profile to Complete Upgrades Notional initial upgrade funding ~$15-25M Total Modernization & Recap ~$400M (high- end estimate) Core Modernization & Recap ~$350M (high- end-estimate) Coverage Expansion ~$50M

12. Page 12 Current Loran Data Channel Coverage Legend Blue – Single Green – Dual Red - Triple

13. Page 13 QUESTIONS?

14. Page 14 Backup Slides

15. Page 15 Independent Assessment Team (IAT) Charter Conduct independent assessment of Loran –Assemble team of experts to review and assess continuing need for the current US Loran infrastructure –Report findings & recommendations directly to Under Secretary of Transportation for Policy Assess information from recent studies, working group reports, and interviews with SMEs –Use reports/studies by Volpe Center, FAA, USCG, DHS, HSI, NSSO/RITA, JPDO, and others as appropriate –Supplement with information from key stakeholders and industry representatives