2. Terrestrial biosphere and global change: the carbon cycle at the land surface Han Dolman [ dola@geo.vu.nl] dola@geo.vu.nlAlterra Wageningen, NL

3. Bottom up: forest inventories, models Top Down: atmospheric methods The Dual constraint approach for carbon balances

4. The Global Carbon Cycle Atmosphere 750, + 3 per year 1 -1.5 Deforestation 60 62 - 63 6.5 92 90 Terrestrial production & respiration Fossil fuels & cement production Oceanic exchange Terrestrial ecosystem Vegetation 610 Soils1400 Litter 60 _____________ Total2070 Surface ocean 1020 Marine biota 3 DOC 700 Ocean 38,100 Sediment 0.4 Fossil fuel reserves 4000 Carbonate rocks 65x10 6 4050100 92 6 6 4 0.2

5. Interannual variability

6. A global network

7. Brasil: LBA-EUSTACH Sites Manaus K34 and Manaus C14 Caxiuana Rebio Jaru Fazenda Nossa Senhora

8. Towers at Reserva Biologica do Rio Jaru ‘Abracos’ New tower

9. CO 2 eddy fluxes over 2 years in the Central and Southern Amazon Data are 10-day averages. Missing data are green or dark blue

10. Manaus: slight sesaonality

11. Rebio Jaru: Seasonality

12. Annual C-uptake in the Amazon

14. Monthly NEE Loobos

15. Interannual variability in NEE Loobos

16. What is causing the variation in NEE? Radiation load Length of growing season

17. Growing season length

18. Conservation between carbon and water fluxes (WUE)

19. Coupling of H 2 0-CO 2 flux at ecosystem level

20. The Carbon Balance of a Forest

21. Land Use Change

22. Flask sampling Weather Fossil fuel emission Biospheric uptake Flux aircraft Free troposphere CO2 Landscape scale monitoring  m  C/dt+uM m  C/  x+vM m  C/  y = (C i -C m )/  t -W i )  I /  m -A-R+M m  C f /  t

23. Future: regional integration?

24. CarboEurope - Flux Monitoring Sites 32 eddy correlation flux measurement towers 8 sites with process studies 5 with aircraft CO 2 profiles 7 chronosequences In addition (not shown): 10 stations of background atmospheric CO 2 monitoring plus 10 stations from NOAA / CMDL