1. Chapter 8 Review https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfVNnk8FHcU

2. Section 8.1 pages 172- 175 Wegener’s Continental Drift Hypothesis
Evidence: 1. So. America and Africa fit like “puzzle” pieces.
2. fossil reptile “mesosaurus” only found on S. America & Africa.
3.ancient rocks, minerals, mountains, glacial features
4. similar climate changes.
5. present day animal species have common ancestors (Darwin)
Continents were once together and have moved / drifted apart to their current location over time.
His hypothesis is was REJECTED. He couldn’t adequately explain HOW the continents had moved.
Plate
Tectonics
Theory
Includes Plates (Ocean and Continents)
Proposes Forces to explain how the continents move!
Evidence: 1. So. America and Africa fit like “puzzle” pieces.
2. fossil reptile “mesosaurus” only found on S. America & Africa.
3.ancient rocks, minerals, mountains, glacial features
4. similar climate changes.
5. present day animal species have common ancestors (Darwin)
Continents were once together and have moved / drifted apart to their current location over time.

4. Chapter 8: What are the 7 major plates? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kg_UBLFUpYQ
How does the Theory of Plate Tectonics differ from the Continental Drift Hypothesis?

5. Ridge Push Magma rises (less dense)
pushes up cools and solidifies. It exerts a force on the surrounding rock pushing it apart.
More of a gravitational
sliding than a true
ridge push
At what BOUNDARY TYPE does this occur?

6. Slab Pull The force GRAVITY on the the sinking edge of an oceanic
plate pulls the rest
of the plate into the
asthenosphere.
Forms a trench.
Ocean floor is dragged into the mantle, melted and destroyed

7. Mantle Convection https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ryrXAGY1dmE

8. Review Time!
You and a partner will being working on some questions together!
Grab a whiteboard, marker, eraser and your notes!

9. Review of Theories for why Plates Move.
Use the below terms to help you answer the questions:
Ridge push
Slab pull
Mantle convection
Which theory best explains sea-floor spreading?
Which best explains convergent boundaries?
Which explains both convergent and divergent boundaries?
Which is the weakest of the models at explaining plate movement?
Which idea(s) does this video clip support? Why?
Start Video clip at 2:30 – it shows Mantle convection

10. Challenge 1 What 3 types of plate boundaries can be found?
What 3 ways do Lithosphere plates move on the mantle at those boundaries?
The plate edges (boundaries) are being
_________toward,
__________away or
__________past each other.
pushed
convergent
pulled
divergent
slide
transform
Which boundary causes earthquakes. Volcanoes or mountains??

11. Challenge 2
Match the type of plate movement with the feature that it produces (some will have more than one answer):
1. Divergent a. Himalayan Mts.
2. Transform b. California earthquakes
3. Convergent c. Red Sea
d. Volcanic Islands
e. Mid-Atlantic Ridge
f. Deep Sea Trench

12. San Andreas Fault in California is an example of this type of plate boundary.
A. convergent
B. divergent
C. transform
Transform (sliding)

13. Challenge 3 1. Where is new ocean floor being created?
2. Where is ocean floor being destroyed (recycled)?
3. Where is new land being added to continents?
d. ridges
b. trenches
c. Continental slope
a. Abyssal plain
b. Trenches
c. Continental slope
d. Mid-ocean ridges

14. Challenge 4: Match that ocean feature!
Under sea volcanoes.
Flattest part of the ocean.
Deepest places in the ocean.
Shallow water at edge of a continent.
Margin where earthquakes and volcanoes occur.
Where the magma pushes up.
43,000 miles long!
Where the continent ends. 5 7 6 3 1 2 4 8
Active margin
Passive margin
Ridge
Rift valley
Trench
Seamount
Abyssal plain
Continental rise
Continental shelf
Continental slope

15. Oceanic Crust is the same as the continental crust: it has mountains, canyons, hills, valleys ridges, plains …

16. Where does the continent stop and the ocean floor begin??
The continental shelf and continental slope are attached to the continent,
Where as the sediments of the continental rise sits on the ocean floor.

17. 1. What kind of boundary is this? 2. Name the feature at point D.
Challenge 5
1. What kind of boundary is this?
2. Name the feature at point D.
Convergent O-C
Trench
Continental slope
3. Name the feature at point C
4. Is this an active or passive continental margin?
Active

18. Final Challenge! 1. Name this landform.
2. What ocean hasn’t formed yet?
3. When did that ocean form?
Pangaea
Atlantic Ocean
180 Million Years ago

19. Maps!
Grab your maps and finish anything that you need to (all questions on right and coloring must be done before testing tomorrow!)

20. 5. The earth’s crust is thinnest in the __________.
Magma pushes up from the rift valley forming ___________ rock.
7. This process continues at a rate of 2-10 cm/yr. and causes _____- ________ ____________.
8. This is occurring in the _____________ and on land such as the continent of ___________ where the Red Sea is forming.
9. At active margins where trenches form, the ____, cold ocean crust is being forced under the ______________ into the _________ where it is being melted and recycled.

21. 8. What is being formed on the continent?
7. Name this boundary
8. What is being formed on the continent?
Convergent: O-C
Volcanic
Mountain
Chain

22. Name that feature! E C D H
________ A F B G
________

23. Name two pieces of evidence that Wegener used for his theory of Continental drift.1. 2.
Shape of continents
Fossils
Rocks
Mountain ranges
Similar minerals
Plant species

24. + Where are most of the earth’s earthquakes and volcanoes located?
3. What is it called?
4. Where is it located? +
Ring of Fire
Around the Pacific ocean plate

25. 5. Earth’s polarity shows reversals throughout time at this location.
6. What type of boundary is this?
Mid-ocean ridge
divergent

26. Name the three theories to explain plate movement:
13. Which theory is most accepted?
Ridge push
Slab pull
Mantle Convection

27. 14
14. The Aleutian Islands in Alaska were formed by the ________ boundary of what two plates? (use page 712)
North American Plate
Pacific Plate

28. 17. That Atlantic Ocean began forming about how many years ago?
A. 20 million
B. 50 million
C. 180 million
D. 280 million

29. 23. Name this sea-floor structure.
Mid- Atlantic ridge
As you get farther form the mid-ocean ridge the rocks get…
Hotter or colder?
Younger or older?
More or less dense?

30. As you get farther form the mid-ocean ridge the rocks get…
18. Hotter or colder?
19. Younger or older?
20. More or less dense?

31. plate boundary created the Himalayan Mountains?
24. What type of
plate boundary created the Himalayan Mountains?
Convergent
Collision
C-C

32. Name two process that have contributed to the growth of continents.
25.
26.
Sea floor sediment
Igneous rock
River sediment
terranes

33. 29. Name this ocean basin rock:
basalt
30. Is this rock igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic?
igneous

34. 31. Which (colors) rock is the oldest. 32
31. Which (colors) rock is the oldest? 32. What do you call the old, ancient continental rock?
craton