1. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 ACN Water Conservation Assessment Water Balance Estimation Using Soil Moisture Data www.tmdl.bse.vt.edu

2. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Agriculture/Environmental Constraints Short Rainy Season/ Agricultural Frequent Droughts Excess Runoff: Less Infiltration Drinking Water Scarcity

3. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Amenagement en Courbes de Niveau (ACN)  Water management practice  Parallel-Permanent ridges (Ados)  Crops planted temporary plowed ridges  Implement on multiple fields  Holistic integration of fields to create micro-catchment management plan  Socio-economic factors (capital and skill) Ado Plowed Ridges

4. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 ACN Conservation Effects  Increase Surface Detention Storage  Decrease Surface Runoff  Increase Infiltration  Increase Plant Available Water  Increase Deep Percolation Ado Plowed Ridges

5. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Quantify ACN Effects (Ideal) Runoff Plots/Fields –Runoff Flumes –Auto-Samplers Multiple Precip Gages............... Not Feasible!!!

6. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Research Constraints  Measurement Equipment  Building Materials  Transportation  Technical Experience  Financial Resources

7. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Quantify ACN Effects (Realistic) Farmers Fields Precip Gage Nearby Soil Moisture Measurements (w/Probe) Water Balance Calculation.. Less Accurate → Feasible!!!

8. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Objectives Proof of Concept: Water Balance Calculations - Alternative to Runoff Plots Quantify ACN Water Conservation Effects Provide IER Scientists/Technicians: –Soil Moisture Probe Operation –Data Collection/Management –Water Balance Calculation Methods

9. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Experiment Location Siguidolo

10. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Methods Experiment Location/Layout Soil Moisture Measurement Data QA/QC (Visualizations) Water Balance Calculations

11. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Soil Moisture Probe Diviner 2000 ®, Sentek

12. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Soil Moisture Probe

13. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Water Balance Calculations Conceptual Model

14. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Water Balance Calculations Equations where,  S - change in soil water storage R – rainfall ET - crop evapotranspiration E soil - evaporation from the soil DP – Deep Percolation RO - surface runoff } Measured Estimated }  S = R – ET – E soil – DP – RO

15. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Water Balance Calculations Equations PET – Thornwaite Method ET – PET x Crop Coeff ET Soil - Constant Fraction of PET Deep Percolation` –Pedeo-transfer Functions –Darcy’s Equation Runoff - RO = R – ET – E soil – DP –  S

16. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Data QA/QC Large Amount of Data Hard Copies Tables Graphs Animations Groundwater Monitoring

17. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Results Data QA/QC (Animations) Runoff Deep Percolation

18. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 QA/QC (Animations)

19. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Runoff Average Runoff from Control (a) and ACN (b) Plots Average Cumulative Runoff

20. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Deep Percolation Average Deep Percolation from Control (a) and ACN (b) PlotsAverage Cumulative Deep Percolation

21. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Total by Process Rep 1Rep 2Average ACNControlACNControlACNControl Runoff (mm) 2,4502,8902,4133,0772,4322,984 Deep Percolation (mm) 4,1531,3973,3115633,732980

22. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Total Runoff -15% -22% -18%

23. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Total Deep Percolation 197% 488% 280%

24. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Groundwater Monitoring Wells Installed First Year Data Collection Preliminary Data Analysis

25. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Summary Proof of Concept: Soil Moisture Probe/Water Balance Calculations Alternative - Runoff Plot ACN Performance: –18% Runoff Reduction –280 Deep Percolation Increase Data Collection and Management Successful IER Scientist/Technicians Experience

26. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Future Research? Ground Water Monitoring Validation of Water Balance Calculations Continue Soil Moisture Measurement Expand Number of Fields Model Calibration/Validation (Parch-Thirst) Develop Water Balance Software

27. SM-CRSP Workshop 2007 Merci Questions? www.tmdl.bse.vt.edu