1. Homework 9 Complete the flash card sheets to illustrate the key ideas about your population and settlement case studies One has been done for you, so you know what to do Tectonic Hazards Mt Etna Volcano (Italy) Montserrat Volcano Haiti Earthquake Christchurch Earthquake (New Zealand) Atmosperic Hazards Hurricane Katrina or Hurricane Sandy Typhoon Haiyan/Cyclone Nargis Drought in Ethiopia (the Sahel) Drought in Australia Use your notes, revision guides and the internet to help

2. Mt Etna Volcano (Italy) 2 Sentence Summary of the case study: Mt Etna burst into life with a series of massive explosions in October 2002. There had been some warning the previous 48 hours with a series of earth tremors – later put down to magma rising up the main vent. The most recent eruptions happened in August 2014, however the damage caused was minimal Photo: PLCs (PLaCe facts): Pre-eruption tremors caused nearby land to subside by 2m October 2002 eruption In fact there have only been 77 confirmed deaths directly related to Mt. Etna over the thousands of years of recorded volcanic activity

3. Montserrat (Volcano) Montserrat is a small island in the Caribbean. There is a volcanic area located in the south of the island on called Chances Peak. Before 1995 it had been un- reactive for over 300 years. In 1995 the volcano began to give off warning signs of an eruption (small earthquakes and eruptions of dust and ash). Once Chances Peak became active it then remained active for five years. Volcanic activity has calmed down in recent years and people have begun to return to the island. 19 people were killed by the eruptions.

4. Haiti (Earthquake) Haiti lies right on the boundary of the Caribbean and North American plates. There was slippage along a conservative plate boundary that runs through Haiti. On 12 January 2010, a magnitude 7 earthquake hit Haiti at 16:53 local time. The earthquake’s epicentre was 25 km west of Port-au-Prince, the capital. Most people, businesses and services were located in the capital. Over 220,000 deaths. 30,000 commercial buildings collapsed.

5. Christchurch (Earthquake) Christchurch is the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand, and the country's third-most populous urban area. The February 2011 Christchurch earthquake was a powerful natural event that severely damaged New Zealand's second-largest city. The magnitude 6.3 earthquake struck the Canterbury Region in New Zealand's South Island at 12:51 pm on Tuesday. 185 people were killed. The initial quake only lasted 10 seconds.

6. Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Katrina formed over the Bahamas on August 23, 2005, and crossed southern Florida as a moderate Category 1 hurricane, causing some deaths and flooding there before strengthening rapidly in the Gulf of Mexico. The hurricane became a Category 5 hurricane over the Gulf water, but weakened before making its second landfall as a Category 3 hurricane on the morning of Monday, August 29, in southeast Louisiana. Killed 1836 people. 705 people are reported as still missing as a result of Hurricane Katrina.

7. Cyclone Nargis Cyclone Nargis was a rare, eastward moving at low- latitude strong tropical cyclone that caused the worst natural disaster in the recorded history of Myanmar The cyclone made landfall in Myanmar on Friday, 2 May 2008, sending a storm surge 40 kilometres up the densely populated Irrawaddy delta. 200,000 died. Winds of 200km/hour.

8. Drought in Ethiopia (Sahel) Ethiopia is Africa's oldest independent country and its second largest in terms of population. Between July 2011 and mid-2012, a severe drought affected the entire East Africa region. Said to be "the worst in 60 years", the drought caused a severe food crisis among many places.

9. Drought in Australia The 2000s drought in Australia, also known as the Millennium drought, is said by some to be the worst recorded since settlement. The drought began in 1995 and continued Australia wide until late 2009 with the final areas in drought ceasing to be eligible in early May 2012. With the official end of the drought declared in 2012, the Federal Government had provided $4.5 billion in drought assistance.