1. Section 2Chemical Reactions Section 2: Chemical Equations Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Describing Reactions Math Skills Balanced Equations and Mole Ratios

2. Section 2Chemical Reactions Key Ideas 〉 What is a chemical equation? 〉 What can a balanced chemical equation tell you?

3. Section 2Chemical Reactions Bellringer You can use chemical formulas to write chemical equations that summarize what happens during a chemical reaction and show how much of each substance is involved. Examine the reaction models and chemical equations for the formation of water shown below, and answer the items on the next slide.

4. Section 2Chemical Reactions Bellringer, continued 1. What is the difference between reaction models A and B? 2. Why is reaction model A not fully complete as written? (Hint: Consider how many atoms of each element exist before and after the reaction.) 3. A friend tells you that an easy way to make sure the same number of atoms are on both sides of the equation is to change the subscript on the product so that H 2 O becomes H 2 O 2 instead of H 2 O. What’s wrong with this reasoning? (Hint: If you did this, would the equation still describe a reaction that forms water?)

5. Section 2Chemical Reactions Describing Reactions 〉 What is a chemical equation? 〉 A chemical equation uses symbols to represent a chemical reaction and shows the relationship between the reactants and products of a reaction. chemical equation: a representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and the products

6. Section 2Chemical Reactions Describing Reactions, continued

7. Section 2Chemical Reactions Describing Reactions, continued Chemical equations show products and reactants. Balanced chemical equations account for the conservation of mass. –When the number of atoms of each element of the products matches the number of atoms of each element of the reactants, the chemical equation is said to be balanced. –A chemical equation is balanced by adding coefficients in front of one or more of the formulas.

8. Section 2Chemical Reactions Visual Concept: Reading a Chemical Equation

9. Section 2Chemical Reactions Visual Concept: Law of Conservation of Mass

10. Section 2Chemical Reactions Visual Concept: Chemical Equation

11. Section 2Chemical Reactions Visual Concept: Balancing a Chemical Equation by Inspection

12. Section 2Chemical Reactions Math Skills Balancing Chemical Equations Write the equation that describes the burning of magnesium in air to form magnesium oxide. 1. Identify the reactants and products. Magnesium and oxygen gas are the reactants that form the product, magnesium oxide. 2. Write a word equation for the reaction. magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide

13. Section 2Chemical Reactions 3. Write the equation using formulas for the elements and compounds in the word equation. Oxygen in air is O 2, not O. Mg + O 2 → MgO 4. Balance the equation one element at a time. Reactants Products Mg + O 2 → MgO count atoms: Mg = 1, O = 2 Mg = 1, O = 1 Math Skills, continued

14. Section 2Chemical Reactions Reactants Products balance oxygen: Mg + O 2 → 2MgO Mg = 1, O = 2 Mg = 2, O = 2 balance magnesium:2Mg + O 2 → 2MgO Mg = 2, O = 2 Mg = 2, O = 2 Math Skills, continued

15. Section 2Chemical Reactions Balanced Equations and Mole Ratios 〉 What can a balanced chemical equation tell you? 〉 A balanced equation tells you the mole ratio, or proportion of reactants and products, in a chemical reaction. Mole ratio: the relative number of moles of the substances required to produce a given amount of product in a chemical reaction

16. Section 2Chemical Reactions Balanced Equations and Mole Ratios, continued The law of definite proportions: A compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions regardless of how the compound is made or how much of the compound is formed.

17. Section 2Chemical Reactions Visual Concept: Law of Definite Proportions

18. Section 2Chemical Reactions Balanced Equations and Mole Ratios, continued Mole ratios tell you the relative amounts of reactants and products. 2H 2 O → 2H 2 + O 2 –The equation for the electrolysis of water shows that the mole ratio for H 2 O:H 2 :O 2 is 2:2:1. Mole ratios can be converted to masses. –Multiply the molecular mass of each substance by the mole ratio from the balanced equation. This tells you the relative masses of the substances needed to react completely.