1. Justin Ludwig

2. Background Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering (BAE) Junior Decided on BAE Okarche, OK Grew up on 1,300 acre wheat, cattle, and hay farm Up to 450 stocker steers in winter Alfalfa and Bermuda grass hay Been on the farm ever since age 3, cheap than a babysitter

3. Precision Agriculture in the 90’s 3 technologies became widely availabile Global Positioning System (GPS) Geographic Information System (GIS) Remote Sensing

4. GPS Allowed farmers’ to find location in fields Civilian got access in the 90’s Started to produce yield maps in the late 90’s Led to the light bar: http://www.trimble.com/agriculture/graphics/produc ts/lb25.gif http://www.trimble.com/agriculture/graphics/produc ts/lb25.gif Yield monitors One of the first systems: http://www.delmarlearning.com/companions/content /140188105X/trends/trends.asp http://www.delmarlearning.com/companions/content /140188105X/trends/trends.asp

5. GPS Today Accuracy for John Deere Starfire Receivers WAAS Static Accuracy: 30 inches WAAS Pass to Pass Accuracy: 18 inches Starfire 1, exclusive to John Deere, Static Accuracy: 30 inches Starfire 1 Pass to Pass Accuracy: 13 inches Starfire 2 Static Accuracy: 10 inches Starfire 2 Pass to Pass Accuracy: 4 inches Starfire 2 is used for precise guidance applications

6. GPS Today CNH Accuracy levels AFS AccuGuide Autoguidance, AgGPS AutoPilot, AgGPS TrueTracker: 3 ft to sub in. depends on receiver AgGPS EZ-Steer 500 Assisted Steering : 8 in. AgGPS EZ-Guide 500: 3 ft to sub in, dependson receiver AgGPS EZ-Guide Plus: 1 ft

7. GPS Today AGCO Accuracy: Submeter WAAS Static: 39 inches, Dynamic: 10 inches Submeter OmniSTAR VBS Static: 31 inches, Dynamic: 8 inches Decimeter OmniSTAR HP Static: 4 inches, Dynamic: 2 inches Decimeter Local Base DGPS Static: 4 inches, Dynamic: 2 inches Centimeter Local Base RTK Static and Dynamic:.8 inches

8. Yield Monitors Today Variety of monitors from John Deere, CNH, AGCO, Ag Leader, Trimble, and many others Example of a Trimble Monitor: http://www.trimble.com/agriculture/yield- monitoring-and-mapping- capabilities.aspx?dtID=overview& http://www.trimble.com/agriculture/yield- monitoring-and-mapping- capabilities.aspx?dtID=overview& Ag Leader: http://www.agleader.com/products/yield- monitor/http://www.agleader.com/products/yield- monitor/

9. GIS in the 90’s Created in 1960’s, became popular in the 90’s 4 phases in GIS history 1 st phase- Decided what was important. 1960-1975 2 nd phase- Experimental use by national agencies. 1973- 1980 3 rd phase- Commerical use. 1982-Late 80’s 4 th phase- User phase 90’s-Present Early 90’s- GIS released Late 90’s- Adoption by cities and community organizations

10. GIS Today Basis for Google and Bing Maps Able to use rasters and vectors Rasters-any digital image Vectors- shapefiles made up of points, lines, and polygons

11. GIS Today Agricultural Use Used to share data, increase data, increase yields, predict outcomes, improve business practices Save expenses Submit government program applications Insurance crops, proving yields

12. Remote Sensing in the 90’s Satellite imagery Measure using the electromagnetic spectrum Visible/Infrared Region Infrared Region Foundation of many sensors in use today First models of many applications that have been improved Grain bins sensor, Greenseeker, countless others

13. Remote Sensing Today Used to apply variable rate fertilizers/pesticides New and improved versions of older sensing applications Soil sampling

14. Conclusions Precision Agriculture has improved over the last 20 years, will continue to improve, cheapen All help farmers Reduce fatiage Save money Bring in new management practices

15. Questions?