1. The regional dimension of the European Research Area: Building clusters for the knowledge- based economy Dimitri Corpakis European Commission DG Research dimitri.corpakis@cec.eu.int

2. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD2 The Lisbon Strategy n The vision: within 10 years (2010), Europe should become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge society in the world –Sustainable development, together with quantitative and qualitative improvement in employment –Greater social cohesion –Open method of co-ordination and benchmarking (as a continuous, mutual learning process) –RTDI a top priority for the EU (this was repeated in Barcelona, last March): ERA becomes one of the cornerstones of the Lisbon strategy –European labour market –New forms of governance –Life-long learning, mobility n Key wake-up call for all actors (including regions)

3. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD3 The knowledge-based economy n Science and technology are key to economic and social progress / At the heart of the knowledge society n The knowledge-based economy lives on innovation which is firmly connected with R&D n Regions play today an increasingly important role in the organisational aspects of Science, Technology and Innovation

4. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD4 The crucial role of Innovation systems n National systems of innovation: lessons learned: –role of government policy; role of corporate R&D; role of the education and training system; and the general structure of industry (Freeman) –patterns of interaction between firms as part of a collective learning process in the acquisition and use of new technical knowledge: internal organisation of firms; network of inter-firm relationships; role of the public sector; institutional set-up of the financial sector; and the degree of R&D intensity and nature of R&D organization (Lundvall)

5. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD5 About Regional Clusters n A geographical concentration of interlinked firms and institutions in a particular technological area; membership within the group seems to be significant for each member firm’s individual competitiveness n Overwhelmingly used in regional science and economic geography to explain regional development

6. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD6 European Research Area: the concept n A new vision for European research n Re-invent the European research landscape –avoid 15+1 policy framework –reduce fragmentation of effort –improve use of scarce resources –improve organisation of research –move to a really European research policy –mobilise all operators: the Union’s Institutions, the Member States, the Regions, the Public S&T and the business R&D communities –build a new, lasting partnership

7. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD7 Research and Technology for regional development ? n No easy solutions n Not a necessary condition, but… n ….a very interesting driver n Regional innovation clusters identified as motor concepts behind particularly successful cases (some examples from San Diego /USA)

8. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD8 Source: M. Porter

9. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD9 Source: M. Porter

10. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD10 Source: M. Porter

11. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD11 Need for a synthesis paper….. n To take stock of policy initiatives, practice and innovative models n To look into the evolving planning of the next FP n To provide some directions for action

12. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD12 The Communication on the Regional Dimension of the ERA - A Strategy Paper n Calls for the local and regional authorities (notably those of the less favoured regions) to make the most of the possibilities offered by the new perspectives of the Union’s Research and Regional policies n Jointly presented by Messrs Busquin and Barnier (Members of the Commission, responsible for those policies) n Adopted timely on the eve of the adoption of the 6th Framework Programme for RTD (2002- 2006)

13. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD13 ERA: the regional dimension and what it means n Regional dimension identified in all ERA related Communications as important n Special Communication on the Regional Dimension adopted 03/10/01 (COM(2001)549) n Territorialisation of research policies, means paying more attention to local and regional factors and operators, when thinking about research policy - a message primarily addressed to the Member States n Involve more the Member States and the regions in a European Policy context

14. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD14 The regional research and innovation landscape in Europe n existence of research and innovation policies at regional level n successful implementation of cross-border cooperation n an example of European success: the network of the so- called motor-regions: Baden-Württemberg (D), Rhône- Alpes (F), Lombardia (I) and Catalonia (E) n Universities, businesses, local authorities n S&T parks gather in one place universities, R&D organisations, multinationals, SMEs or laboratories n technopoles, provide support to regional S&T growth n In search for clusters…...

15. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD15 Regional disparities in RTD n n Second Cohesion Report, adopted Jan. 2001, identified persistent convergence issues n n Cohesion countries technology gap compared with advanced countries has widened n n But concentration is general (in expenditure, human resources and patent applications) n n Forthcoming enlargement brings additional issues

16. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD16 RTD regional expenditure in the EU Source EUROSTAT 13/03/02Source EUROSTAT 13/03/02

17. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD17 High-tech patent applications per million of active population (y 2000) Source EUROSTAT 13/03/02Source EUROSTAT 13/03/02

18. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD18 Regional R/D Intensity as a share of national expenditure (the 2 champion regions per country) 4 GER- Oberbayern (14%)+Stuttgart (12%)= 26% 4 GR- Attiki (49%)+Kentriki Makedonia (18%)= 67% 4 ESP- Madrid (32%)+Catalonia (23%)= 55% 4 FR- Ile de France (45%)+Rhône-Alpes (10%)= 55% 4 IT- Lombardia (24%)+Lazio (19%)= 43% 4 NL- Zuid-Holland (25%)+Noord-Brabant (18%)= 43% 4 AU- Wien (52%)+Steiermark (14%)= 66% 4 P- Lisboa (54%)+Norte (21%)= 75% 4 FIN- Uusimaa(47%)+Etelä-Suomi (30%)= 77% 4 UK- South East (24%)+Eastern (18%)= 42% (source : Eurostat - March 2002) (source : Eurostat - March 2002)

19. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD19 About the Framework Programme n The Framework Programme has been traditionally a policy planning tool for research and technological development at EU level. Historically it has been used as an instrument to promote transnational co-operation by supporting collaborative RTD. n The Framework Programme has been traditionally a policy planning tool for research and technological development at EU level. Historically it has been used as an instrument to promote transnational co-operation by supporting collaborative RTD. Now it will serve to build the European Research Area

20. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD20 Framework programme 2002-2006: New priority instruments n n Networks of excellence – –Lasting integration of research capacities / Implementation of joint programmes or activities – –Genuine ‘virtual centres of excellence’ / Operational autonomy – –Gradual integration of work programmes / Selected on the basis of calls for proposals n n Integrated projects – –Actions with a real European scope / Involving significant mobilisation of stake-holders – –High level of autonomy / Implemented through overall financing plans – –Selected on the basis of calls for proposals n n Programmes carried out jointly – –Financial participation in national programmes carried out jointly (article 169 of the Treaty) – –Specific implementation structure – –Development or running of common infrastructures

21. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD21 Building Knowledge clusters with the FP n Networks of excellence and integrated projects can be considered as knowledge-cluster building instruments [ intra-regional and inter- regional]

22. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD22 Reinforcement and integration of existing or developing scientific excellence in all EU regions strong programming character better connectivity between central and peripheral hubs of scientific competence, increased opportunities for collaboration, staff mobility, information and knowledge exchange positive spillovers to the local and regional economies strong barriers against interregional brain-drain (scientists moving from less favoured to richer regions). Ability to build multi-polar areas of innovation excellence, supporting indirectly local development and economic growth, thus contributing to regional population stability Regional bodies may be associated in transnational partnerships to develop specific projects, of a substantial scale, aiming at integrating scientific and technological efforts. NoE - IP as Cluster generators

23. 17/05/0223 Information society Information society Framework programme 2002-2006: Typology of proposed thematic priorities Dissemination and support Dissemination and support Cutting-edge research Industrial competitiveness Governance, citizenship Science- society, ethics Science- society, ethics Governance Support for SMEs Support for SMEs Food safety and health risks Food safety and health risks Sustainable development and global change Sustainable development and global change Human resources and mobility of researchers Support for innovation Nanotechnologies, new production processes Nanotechnologies, new production processes Aeronautics and space Aeronautics and space Genomics and biotechnology for health Genomics and biotechnology for health

24. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD24 The EU’s budget 2001 Total value of commitments: EUR 96.239 billion ==

25. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD25 How we grew: evolution of the European Union’s framework programmes for RTD

26. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD26 Framework programme 2002-2006 n n Commission’s proposal: 21 February 2001 n n Financial instrument for implementing ERA n n Proposed budget: EUR 17.5 billion (+17% compared to fifth framework programme) n n Three main blocks of activities q qIntegrating research (7 priorities).Priority instruments (others as well):   Networks of excellence   Integrated Projects   Members State programmes carried out jointly q qStructuring ERA (research and innovation, human resources-mobility, infrastructures, science-society) q qStrengthening the ERA foundations

27. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD27 FP6 Proposed Specific Programmes n For the EC Framework Programme: –A specific programme on "Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area" for the two blocks of activities "Integrating research" and "Strengthening the foundations of the European Research Area" of the Framework Programme proposal. –A specific programme on "Structuring the European Research Area". –A specific programme for the Joint Research Centre n For the EURATOM Framework Programme: –A specific programme for all the indirect actions in the fields of nuclear fission and fusion –A specific programme for JRC activities.

28. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD28 Regional Dimension Communication messages:Enabling the European Research Area Regional Approach (I) n Seize the opportunities of the New Community Research Framework Programme (2002-2006) ò Take advantage of the new instruments and link more research and innovation at regional level ò Develop more and better trained S&T human resources ò financial incentives to Objective 1 partners in evaluated and selected succesful consortia ò Promote synergies between less developed and advanced regions through the introduction of coordination and networking activities / improve regional “connectivity” and networking capacity

29. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD29 n Improve our understanding on the regions RTD policy context: Offer research and innovation services to the regionsOffer research and innovation services to the regions –studies / analyses; benchmark regional performance and address transferability of good practice –Improve communication between experts and policy makers Introduce a regional dimension in research and innovation information systemsIntroduce a regional dimension in research and innovation information systems n Promote more integrated Community strategies Regional Dimension Communication messages:Enabling the European Research Area Regional Approach (II)

30. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD30 How all this is translated in the 6th FP: Strengthening the ERA foundations (i) n n Support for the coordination of activities - programmes, instruments, plans or other initiatives undertaken at regional level, involving public funding to support RTD work, the development of research capabilities, and the promotion of innovation – – coordination of independent activities including their mutual opening – –preparation and management of joint activities

31. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD31 n n Coherent development of research and innovation policies – –proceed by early identification of challenges and areas of common interest as well as providing regional policy makers with knowledge and decision-aiding tools that can help them formulate policy. Analyses and studies; work relating to foresight, statistics and science and technology indicators Benchmarking of research and innovation policies at regional level How all this is translated in the 6th FP: Strengthening the ERA foundations (ii)

32. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD32 How all this is translated in the 6th FP:Structuring the ERA   Research and Innovation: ò ò Encouragement and validation of local and regional initiatives ò ò encouraging transregional cooperation ò ò experimenting with new tools and approaches

33. 17/05/02D.Corpakis © DC/DG RTD33 Internet links n n http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/index_en.html (DG Research official home page) http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/index_en.html n n http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/nfp.html (The 6th Framework Programme (2002-2006) http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/nfp.html n n http://www.cordis.lu/rtd2002/ (News on the European Research Area and the FP) http://www.cordis.lu/rtd2002/ n n http://www.cordis.lu/rtd2002/era-developments/regions.htm (The Communication text in EN on CORDIS / ERA website) http://www.cordis.lu/rtd2002/era-developments/regions.htm n n http://www.innovating-regions.org/ (innovating regions in Europe) http://www.innovating-regions.org/ n n http://europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/offici al/communic/comm_en.htm (DG Regional Policy Website) http://europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/sources/docoffic/offici al/communic/comm_en.htm