1. Energy in the Atmosphere

2. Electromagnetic Waves Nearly all energy in Earth’s atmosphere comes from the sun. This energy travels through space in the form of electromagnetic waves.

3. Radiation Radiation is the direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. Example: your body heats up when hit by electromagnetic waves, this is called radiation.

4. 3- Types of electromagnetic rays: Infrared Radiation Ultraviolet radiation Visible light Intro to electro. Electromagnetic Spectrum.Electromagnetic Spectrum. electromagnetic spectrum video nasa.electromagnetic spectrum video nasa.

6. Infrared Radiation Clip Creates heat. It has the longest wavelength.

7. Ultraviolet Electromagnetic waves UV the Hidden Danger electromagnetic waves UVelectromagnetic waves UV causes sunburns and eye damage (UV) and has the shortest wavelength. This is the most dangerous type of radiation. Too much can cause skin cancer Sunscreen helps protect us from this type of radiation. Used to kill bacteria (sterilization of equipment )

8. Visible Light electromagnetic waves that create color. ROY G BIV R= longest wavelength V= shortest wavelength Apples are red because they absorb every color but red. They reflect red so you see red. White reflects all color. It absorbs nothing. Black reflects no color. It absorbs it all. apple light reflection video Tour Visible Light Visible Rays/Review

9. We see things because they reflect light into our eyes! This is literally the only way we get to see things! ALL objects we see either create light or reflect light!! Homework

10. Color White light is not a single color; it is made up of a mixture of the seven colors of the rainbow. We can demonstrate this by splitting white light with a prism: This is how rainbows are formed: sunlight is “split up” by raindrops.

11. The colors of the rainbow: Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet Just remember ROY G. BIV

12. Seeing color The color an object appears depends on the colors of light it reflects. For example, a red book only reflects red light : White light Only red light is reflected

13. A white hat would reflect all seven colors: A pair of purple trousers would reflect purple light (and red and blue, as purple is made up of red and blue): Purple light White light

15. Scattering As these electromagnetic waves travel through the atmosphere to earth, some of them are reflected and some are absorbed by particles in the atmosphere. Reflection of light in all directions is called scattering. This causes the sky to be blue. The particles in the air scatter the blue and violet wavelengths. So we see blue.

16. Greenhouse Effect The greenhouse effect is caused by the reflection of light back and forth between Earth and the blanket of gases surrounding the Earth. This is what keeps Earth at a comfortable temperature for all the living organisms on Earth. Without it we would freeze to death.

18. Sun Earth’s Temperature Solar Energy The temperature of the earth is directly related to the energy input from the Sun. Some of the Sun’s energy is reflected by clouds. Other is reflected by ice. The remainder is absorbed by the earth.

19. Sun Earth’s Temperature Solar Energy Solar Energy Radiative Cooling Radiative Cooling If amount of solar energy absorbed by the earth is equal to the amount radiated back into space, the earth remains at a constant temperature.

20. Sun Earth’s Temperature Solar Energy Solar Energy Radiative Cooling Radiative Cooling However, if the amount of solar energy is greater than the amount radiated, then the earth heats up.

21. Sun Earth’s Temperature Solar Energy Solar Energy Radiative Cooling Radiative Cooling If the amount of solar energy is less than the amount radiated, then the earth cools down.

22. What is global warming?

23. How Global Warming Works Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 )

24. Greenhouse Effect Sun

25. To a certain degree, the earth acts like a greenhouse. Energy from the Sun penetrates the glass of a greenhouse and warms the air and objects within the greenhouse. The same glass slows the heat from escaping, resulting in much higher temperatures within the greenhouse than outside it.

26. The Sun’s energy passes through the car’s windshield. This energy (heat) is trapped inside the car and cannot pass back through the windshield, causing the inside of the car to warm up. Example of the Greenhouse Effect

27. Earth’s Atmospheric Gases Nitrogen (N 2 ) Oxygen (O 2 ) Water (H 2 O) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) 99% Methane (CH 4 ) 1% Non- Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse Gases

28. Sun Runaway Greenhouse Effect 97% carbon dioxide 3% nitrogen Water & sulfuric acid clouds Temperature: 860°F Venus

29. What’s the difference between “global warming” and “climate change”?

30. Effects of Global Warming Increased Temperature Habitat Damage and Species Affected Changes in Water Supply Rising Sea Level

31. What’s the proof that global warming is taking place?

32. Portage Glacier 19142004 Alaska

33. Colorado River Arizona 20022003

34. Wildlife Effects Polar Bears –Require pack ice to live –Might eventually go extinct in the wild Sea turtles –Breed on the same islands as their birth –Could go extinct on some islands as beaches are flooded Polar Bears –Require pack ice to live –Might eventually go extinct in the wild Sea turtles –Breed on the same islands as their birth –Could go extinct on some islands as beaches are flooded

35. Effect on Humans Fewer deaths from cold, more from heat Decreased thermohaline circulation –Cooler temperatures in North Atlantic Precipitation changes Droughts and famine (some areas) Expanded arable land in Canada, Soviet Union

36. Drought in Africa Lake Faguibine Lake Chad

37. Why is global warming happening?

38. Burning of Fossil Fuels Pollution from coal, natural gas, and oil

39. When did global warming start?

40. Global Atmospheric Concentration of CO 2

41. How is global warming measured?

42. Ice Core Data CO 2 Measurements Before 1958 - Antarctica

43. CO 2 Atmospheric Measurements CO 2 Measurements Since 1958 – Mauna Loa, Hawaii

44. Temperature (Northern Hemisphere) CO 2 Concentrations 1000 Years of CO 2 and Global Warming Degree Celsius Increase Parts Per Million Year 100012001400160018002000 100012001400160018002000

45. 170 220 270 320 370 420 200000400000600000 Time (YBP) CO 2 (ppm) Vostok Ice CoreDome Concordia Carbon Dioxide Levels 0 Muana Loa Readings CO 2 Levels Since 1958 310 330 350 370 10203040 CO 2 (ppm) 0

46. Worldwide Carbon Emissions Carbon (10 9 metric tons) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 175018001850190019502000 Year Liquid fuel Total Gas fuel Solid fuel

47. Annual Carbon Emissions Annual carbon emissions Atmospheric CO 2 Atmospheric CO 2 average 195519651975198519952005 0 4 6 8 2 Year Carbon (10 9 metric tons)

48. -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1880190019201940196019802000 Year  Mean Temperature (°C) Recorded Worldwide Temperatures Flat Decreasing

49. Winter Temperatures 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1880190019201940196019802000 Year Summer Temperatures 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1880190019201940196019802000 Year Annual Temperatures 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1880190019201940196019802000 Year Temperature (°C) Historic Los Angeles Temperatures

50. -3-2.5-1.5-.5-.1.1.511.52.53.4 2007 Temperature Changes Compared to 1951-1980

51. Global Warming: Shifting Gears

52. 2007 Goal: Reductions in CO 2 Per Year Billions of Metric Tons Carbon

53. 2007 Reductions in CO 2 Per Year Gigaton Carbon Produce electricity efficiently Use electricity efficiently Vehicle efficiency Solar and Wind Power Biofuels Carbon capture and storage Billions of Metric Tons Carbon Our Goal

54. What’s being done now to reduce our emissions? Solar PowerWind PowerFuel-Efficiency

55. We can stop global warming!

56. Mitigation of Global Warming Conservation –Reduce energy needs –Recycling Alternate energy sources –Nuclear –Wind –Geothermal –Hydroelectric –Solar –Fusion?

57. What can you do to help solve the problem?

58. Simple Things To Do Turn off your computer or the TV when you’re not using it. Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy. Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades, or curtains. Turn off the lights when you leave a room. Use compact fluorescent bulbs.

59. Be Bulb Smart—Use CFLs Incandescent Compact Fluorescent 500 lbs. of coal What’s the difference? 1,430 lbs. CO 2 pollution avoided $30 saved

60. Simple Things To Do Dress lightly when it’s hot instead of turning up the air conditioning. Or use a fan. Dress warmly when it’s cold instead of turning up the heat. Offer to help your parents keep the air filters on your AC and furnace clean. Walk short distances instead of asking for a ride in the car Plant a tree. Recycle

61. Global Warming Carbon’s 1,2,3,4,512345 Global Warming Global Warming with Music