1. What do you think? What are some of the differences of what makes an object / organism “Living or Non-Living? What are some of the differences of what makes an object / organism “Living or Non-Living? How can we tell, exactly, an organism is Living? How can we tell if it is Living; Characteristics How can we tell, exactly, an organism is Living? How can we tell if it is Living; Characteristics

2. Cells Personal Study Notes

3. How can we tell the difference between living and non-living things? The characteristics of life The characteristics of life The characteristics of life Living things can: reproduce. grow and develop becoming capable of reproduction. respond to the outside world. find energy to stay alive. change as their environment changes. move about their environment.

4. In your own opinion, what would be the best definition of a living cell. The cell is the basic unit of life. It is the building block of all living things. The cell is the basic unit of life. It is the building block of all living things. Basic Units of Life Basic Units of Life_______________________________________ All living things are made up of cells. All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

5. The Cell’s Main Components Nucleus: Contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. Cytoplasm: A viscous, jelly that allows the internal functions to happen inside the cell easily. Cell Membrane: The “skin” that allows nutrients into the cell, and wastes out of the cell.

6. DNA and Genetic Material What is DNA? (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid) What is DNA? (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid) A complete DNA molecule is made up of smaller cut up segments called chromosomes. A complete DNA molecule is made up of smaller cut up segments called chromosomes. Chromosomes contains specific “blue prints” of how to build your body properly, replenish dying cells, and repair damaged areas. It is all done using codes that the proteins in the body understand. Chromosomes contains specific “blue prints” of how to build your body properly, replenish dying cells, and repair damaged areas. It is all done using codes that the proteins in the body understand.

7. Code Example A 00000001 I 10000001 Q 11000010 Y 11101000 B 00000010 J 10000010 R 11000100 Z 11110000 C 00000100 K 10000100 S 11001000 D 00001000 L 10001000 T 11010000 E 00010000 M 10010000 U 11100000 F 00100000 N 10100000 V 11100001 G 01000000 O 11000000 W 11100010 H 10000000 P 11000001 X 11100100 KEN = 100001000001000010100000 ? = 11001000100001001000000110100000 DNA

8. Textbook Review /Work READ Pages 49 – 53. READ Pages 49 – 53. ANSWER QUESTIONS: Page 53 #1 – 6. ANSWER QUESTIONS: Page 53 #1 – 6. Answers will be used for bi weekly Quizzes for the next 5 months! Answers will be used for bi weekly Quizzes for the next 5 months!

9. Answers 1a) DNA is described as a Double Helix. 1b) The DNA is found in the chromosomes, inside the nucleus. 2. The nitrogen bases are Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, and Thymine. 3a) A gene is a segment of DNA that determines a particular characteristics of an organism 3b) The information found in a gene gives the organism traits that are expressed as proteins.

10. 3c) An entire set of genes is called a genome. 4. A chromosome is the structure that contains the DNA of an organism. 5a) A somatic cell is a cell that forms tissue, as opposed to sex cells; they have 46 chromosomes in the human body. 5b) The number of chromosomes in an organism`s sex cell can be expressed as “n”. 5c) A diploid cell is a cell that has two sets of chromosomes in the nucleus; 1\2 from Mom and 1\2 from Dad.

11. 6a) The two types of reproductive cells in humans are: the sperm and the ova. 6b) A haploid cell is a sex cell; they have half of the organism`s cells total chromosomes. Mom = 23 chromosomes Mom = 23 chromosomes Dad = 23 chromosomes Dad = 23 chromosomes Baby has 46 chromosomes in every cell.

12. Cell and DNA Main Points Nucleotides ( A, T, G, C) ↓ Make Amino Acids Ex. A T T C G T (A with T, C with G) ↓ | | | | | | ↓ T A A G C A ↓ DNA: A Macromolecule forming the 46 chromosomes. ↓ Specific Proteins: made from the Amino Acid codes. ↓ (Ex: Eye colour or ear shape) ↓ Specific Cells: to ensure that the body reproduces the same amino acid codes for that cell’s specific purpose. (Ex. Skin, Hair, Liver…)

13. DNA is a Double Helix Segments in the DNA molecule are responsible for specific protein production. Perhaps this area is for hair colour and texture? Perhaps this area is for height?

14. Genes: are DNA segments that determine specific genetic characteristics; TRAITS. Genes: are DNA segments that determine specific genetic characteristics; TRAITS. Chromosomes: are structures that contain the DNA, and therefore the genes, of an organism. Chromosomes: are structures that contain the DNA, and therefore the genes, of an organism. Diploid Cells: Human cells that contain 46 chromosomes; they are tissue cells. Diploid Cells: Human cells that contain 46 chromosomes; they are tissue cells. Haploid Cells: Human cells that contain only 23 chromosomes; the sex cells. 23 from each parent. Haploid Cells: Human cells that contain only 23 chromosomes; the sex cells. 23 from each parent. 2n: Represents the number of chromosomes any living organism will have as long as we know the number of chromosomes that are in the organisms sex cells: 2n: Represents the number of chromosomes any living organism will have as long as we know the number of chromosomes that are in the organisms sex cells: n = number of chromosomes in a sex cell Ex. A fruit fly has 4 chromosomes in it sex cells; thus 2 (4) = 8 chromosomes in total. Somatic Cells: Human Tissue Cells; they are diploid cells. Somatic Cells: Human Tissue Cells; they are diploid cells.