1. The 1st Sociologists!

2. Development of Sociology –E–Emerged in 19th Century Europe Industrial Revolution- faced new problems such as colonization, migration, poverty, increased crime, broken families, exploited factory

3. Auguste Comte –“–“Father of Sociology” –1–1789-1857; French –B–Beliefs Set out to develop a “science of man” Goal of this was to use natural sciences to solve social problems Looked as sociology as a tool to improve society

4. Two main things sociology should focus on –social statics- how institutions are interrelated- order, stability, harmony

5. Social dynamics- how societies change and develop over time until perfection is reached. Perfection = “modern” Europe

6. Karl Marx –1818-1883; German –Not really a sociologist but his theories lead to major theory Beliefs –Social class conflict defined human history »The bourgeoisie (own and control means of production, also known as capitalists) vs. the proletariat (workers). »The exploiters vs. the exploited »“opium of the people” = religion

7. –Capitalists use control of economy to control all aspects of society. »This allows capitalist to create common beliefs to get workers to accept their situation. »Eventually this conflict would lead to class warfare »Proletariats would win and socialize means of production »Would lead to classless society with no ownership, work based on ability

8. Emile Durkheim –1858-1917; French –Conducted 1st major scientific sociological study –Beliefs Individuals are the product of their environment Society shapes individuals behavior

9. Did an extensive study on reasons people commit suicide –Proposed a theory that stated that suicide rates are influenced by group solidarity and societal stability (individualism increases potential) »Egoistic »Altruistic »Anomic –Study showed that most personal decision was actually influenced by societal forces

10. Discovered that Protestants were more likely to commit suicide. Ideas led to Functionalism.

11. Max Weber –1864-1920; German intellectual –Much of his work was a response to Marx –Weber- intellectuals should describe and explain truth Marx- also tell people what to do

12. –Beliefs Wealth does not necessarily mean power & prestige Protestant ethic Science would eventually turn people from religion However, bureaucracy would be present in socialist and capitalist societies

14. Sometimes Marx is right….. Sometimes you have to fight….