1. Unit 3 Maintenance and Safety Checks

2. What Does a battery do & How Does it Work? Function: Function: Stores electrical energy, made up of cells. Stores electrical energy, made up of cells. How: How: When charging, electrical energy is converted to chemical energy & sulfuric acid/water solution becomes more concentrated. When charging, electrical energy is converted to chemical energy & sulfuric acid/water solution becomes more concentrated. When discharged, electrolyte solution becomes more diluted. When discharged, electrolyte solution becomes more diluted.

3. Using Jumper Cables First Connect the Positive post of the charged booster Battery, then the Positive post of the Dead battery. First Connect the Positive post of the charged booster Battery, then the Positive post of the Dead battery. Next connect the negative post of the booster battery, then connect the cable to a good ground away from the battery on the dead machine. Next connect the negative post of the booster battery, then connect the cable to a good ground away from the battery on the dead machine.

4. How important is Oil? Extremely Important! Extremely Important! 4 Functions of Oil: 4 Functions of Oil: Reduces friction of moving parts Reduces friction of moving parts Carries heat away Carries heat away Creates seal between piston and cylinder wall. Creates seal between piston and cylinder wall. Keeps engine clean. Keeps engine clean.

5. Oil Viscosity:

6. Fuel Systems: Gasoline: Gasoline: Fuel Tank  Fuel Tank  Carburetor  Carburetor  Spark Plugs  Spark Plugs  Engine Engine Diesel: Diesel: Fuel Tank  Pump & Injectors  Engine Both have very small passageways for fuel movement. Important that fuel be kept free of dirt & water. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYWUWMmimjQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgbuE1FT5Ks

7. Hydraulic System Works through set of rams pulling & pushing. Works through set of rams pulling & pushing. Problems can be attributed to: Problems can be attributed to: 1 Not enough oil in reservoir. 1 Not enough oil in reservoir. 2). Dirty/clogged filter. 2). Dirty/clogged filter. 3). Leaking connections. 3). Leaking connections. 4). Incorrect oil in system. 4). Incorrect oil in system. Milky colored= water in system. Milky colored= water in system. Clean quick couplers before connecting. Clean quick couplers before connecting. http://videos.howstuff works.com/discovery/3 1562-massive-engines- hydraulic-diggers- video.htm

8. Lubricating moving parts Use correct type of grease & wipe fittings to remove debris before attaching grease gun. Use correct type of grease & wipe fittings to remove debris before attaching grease gun.

9. Maintain Clutch-Free Travel ½” – 2” of clutch movement is normal before the clutch releases. ½” – 2” of clutch movement is normal before the clutch releases. May burn out if not maintained May burn out if not maintained

10. What is Maintenance? What are some examples of equipment failure due to improper maintenance? What are some examples of equipment failure due to improper maintenance?

11. In this section, we will discuss: Daily Maintenance Checks Daily Maintenance Checks Preventive Maintenance Schedule Preventive Maintenance Schedule Maintenance Systems and Charts Maintenance Systems and Charts Maintenance Operation Maintenance Operation

12. Daily Maintenance FOUR REASONS FOR DAILY MAINTENANCE: FOUR REASONS FOR DAILY MAINTENANCE: 1. Reduces Tractor and Machine Stoppages 2. Reduces Equipment Safety Hazards 3. Reduces Operation Cost 4. Increases Service Life

13. Preventive Maintenance Schedule 4 WAYS/TYPES OF HOW A PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE IS KEPT: 4 WAYS/TYPES OF HOW A PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE IS KEPT: 1. Schedule Maintenance By Hours (10, 50, 100, 250, etc) 2. Seasonal Checks or Yearly Checks 3. Date and Hours of Machine when Service or Maintenance is Completed. 4. Any Additional Records (Oil, Fuel, Repair Cost)

14. Maintenance Systems And Charts Used to find out when suggested maintenance and lubrication should be done.

15. Maintenance Operation- (found in operator’s manual) (Look @ ~pg. 27) Air Cleaner Keep Clean- 9,000 gal. of air drawn into engine for every gal. of fuel. Air must be free of foreign materials if engine to function w/out excessive wear. Battery Keep charged, check electrolyte levels every 50 hours of use. Clutch-free Travel ½ in- 2in of clutch free travel normal. Clutch can burn out if not maintained. Crankcase Oil Check oil level daily, change oil filter when changing oil Fuel System Keep fuel away from water & dirt- can get stuck in narrow fuel lines causing blockages. Keep machine fueled & service fuel filter regularly. Hydraulic System Check hyd. Oil every 50 hours, replace every 1200 hours. Clean filter. Milky=water, Leaks=air in line Lubrication Lube move parts every 50 hours, wipe fitting before greasing Transmission Check 1x/week, replace every 2 years. Checked by removing trans. Dipstick or plug Power Takeoff Check oil every 50 hours, make sure shields are in place Cooling System Check coolant level every 10 hours, check for leaks, change antifreeze 1x year Tires Overinflated- excessive wear. Underinflated- Excess flexing, heating, and premature wear

16. Tires… Can add ballast (weight) to improve traction. Can add ballast (weight) to improve traction. Too much weight-no evidence of tread slippage Too much weight-no evidence of tread slippage Too little weight-too much slippage Too little weight-too much slippage 10%-15% slippage is ideal. 10%-15% slippage is ideal.

17. Types of Ballast Material TypeCost Freeze Resist Weight vs. Water Safe?Availability Waterfreenone+0%very safewide Calcium Chloridelow-50F+40% orrosive Corrosive (need to put in tubes) wide Ethylene Glycol Antifreeze medium-40F+0%toxicwide Propylene Glycol Antifreeze high-40F+0%safewide Windshield Washer Fluid low-20F+0%toxicwide Beet Juice (i.e. Rim Guard) very high-35F+30%very safe dealer network Polyurethane Foam/Flat Fill very high+20-50%very safe dealer network

18. The Daily Maintenance Check: Check: Check: Fuel Supply Fuel Supply Radiator Coolant Level Radiator Coolant Level Tire Pressure Tire Pressure Battery Fluid Level Battery Fluid Level Crankcase Oil Level- oil level may decrease over time… Crankcase Oil Level- oil level may decrease over time…

19. The Safety Check- When a tractor is serviced, check for safety hazards like loose belts, worn/broken/damaged parts, & dirt accumulation. Also check: When a tractor is serviced, check for safety hazards like loose belts, worn/broken/damaged parts, & dirt accumulation. Also check: Seat Position and Security Seat Position and Security Steering Connections Steering Connections Hitch Hitch Tires and Wheels Tires and Wheels Platform (no loose objects) Platform (no loose objects) Steps and handholds Steps and handholds Brake Pedal locking function works Brake Pedal locking function works Attached Equipment Attached Equipment Ignition Wiring Ignition Wiring

20. http://www.powershow.com/view/19d55- ZGQ1Y/The_Ten_Commandments_of_Trac tor_Safety_flash_ppt_presentation http://www.powershow.com/view/19d55- ZGQ1Y/The_Ten_Commandments_of_Trac tor_Safety_flash_ppt_presentation http://www.powershow.com/view/19d55- ZGQ1Y/The_Ten_Commandments_of_Trac tor_Safety_flash_ppt_presentation http://www.powershow.com/view/19d55- ZGQ1Y/The_Ten_Commandments_of_Trac tor_Safety_flash_ppt_presentation

21. Commandment One Know Your Tractor, Its Implements, and How They Work The operator’s manual is required reading. All training of employees must incorporate the operators manual. Example manual

22. Commandment Two Use ROPS and Seat Belt Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) do not prevent rollovers, but are 95% effective in preventing death or serious injury.

23. A rollover happens so fast, your human reflexes cannot possibly react in time to change the outcome. Typically, a victim of a tractor rollover without ROPS protection will experience injuries such as broken bones, lacerations and contusions. Crushing head, chest and pelvic injuries, along with collapsed lungs should also be expected. TRACTOR HITS DEPRESSION & TIPS Tractor Roll Over – side or back

24. If you have a foldable ROPS, keep it in the “up” position and always use a seatbelt. Only fold it down when you must and do not use the seatbelt when the ROPS is folded down. A ROPS and seatbelt assures that you will stay in the “protective zone”. Foldable ROPS This ROPS folded down resulted in fatality

25. Commandment Three Be Familiar With Your Terrain and Work Area Walk the area first, use special caution on slopes, slow down for turns, and avoid the highway if possible. Be especially aware of conditions at the end of rows.

26. Most tractor overturns occur to the side. Typical causes include hitting an obstacle, operating on steep slopes, using front–end loaders and operating at excessive speeds. In many cases, an implement is attached to the tractor or being towed. The attached equipment can increase the severity of the accident and complicate rescue operations. Operating on Sloped Ground

27. The symptoms of mild carbon monoxide poisoning may be non-specific and similar to those of viral cold infections: headache, nausea, dizziness, sore throat and dry cough. More severe poisoning can result in a fast and irregular heart rate, over-breathing (hyperventilation), confusion, drowsiness and difficulty breathing. Seizures, loss of consciousness and death can occur at high levels. Commandment Four Never Start An Engine In A Closed Shed or Garage All internal combustion engines, diesel or gasoline, generate carbon monoxide – a colorless, odorless gas.

28. Commandment Five Always Keep Your PTO Properly Shielded PTO accidents cause serious injury or death. Human reflexes cannot compete with the speed and power of a rotating PTO shaft. Once caught, a victim has no time to escape. PTO properly shieldedClothing caught on unguarded PTO

29. To Prevent PTO Accidents Ensure that PTO shields are in place before work begins. Replace cracked or defective shields immediately. Stop PTO before dismounting. Keep clothing, hair and all body parts away from a rotating PTO. Commandment Five Fatality report – employee killed when clothing caught on power take-off shaftemployee killed when clothing caught on power take-off shaft

30. To Prevent PTO Accidents (Cont.) Never step over a rotating PTO shaft. Instead, walk around it or turn off the equipment. Always use the driveline or PTO shaft recommended for your machine. Never use parts of one brand of machine in another model. Position the drawbar properly for each type of implement used. Commandment Five

31. Commandment Six Keep Your Hitches Low and Always on the Draw Bar This prevents the tractor from flipping over backwards. Rear overturns are less frequent than sideways rollovers, but are just as likely to be fatal.

32. To Prevent Rear Overturns Front chassis weights can be used to counterbalance rear- mounted implements and heavy drawbar loads. Always start forward motion gradually. Always drive around ditches, never cross them. Commandment Six

33. To Prevent Rear Overturns (Con’t.) Whenever possible, back tractors up steep slopes and come down forward. If you have to back down a slope, do it slowly in a low gear. Never put boards or logs in front of drive wheels. Back out if you are stuck in the mud. Commandment Six

34. When the tractor has been left running, and the operator is not in the tractor seat, there is the possibility that the tractor will malfunction in some way, start moving, and run over you or bystanders. A moving tractor can also damage or become damaged by objects in the area. Commandment Seven Never Get Off A Moving Tractor or Leave It With Its Engine Running. Shut the tractor off, set the parking brake, then dismount. Don’t start the engine from anywhere but the seat. Operators have been run over by not doing that.

35. Commandment Eight Never Refuel While the Engine is Running - or Hot Always shut the tractor down when adding fluids, fuels, and performing maintenance. A spark from the ignition system or hot exhaust could cause the fuel to ignite. Use caution when refueling tractors. Always refuel the tractor outside. There is always a risk of fire and explosion. Grounding out the tractor with a ground wire or by dropping mounted equipment so it touches the ground can reduce static electricity.

36. Commandment Nine Keep Children Away From Your Tractor & Its Implements At All Times Don’t allow children to ride with you on the tractor. No exceptions, unless it’s an enclosed cab with a child seat. Some new, larger tractors come equipped with child seats. Never assume that children will remain where you last saw them. Keep children out of the work area and under the watchful eye of another responsible adult. Never allow children to play on the tractor or implement. Use extra caution when backing up, look behind and down - make sure area is clear before moving.

37. Dangerous! Don’t do this! A small bump and the rider can fall off and be run over. Additionally! There is no roll- bar on this tractor, putting the operator in extreme danger. How many seats are on the tractor? The number of seats equals how many people should ride the tractor. There is no safe place either on the tractor or on any of the implements. Teach children to drive only when they have developed the maturity, size and strength to handle a tractor safely. No Riders!!

38. Commandment Ten Never Be In A Hurry or Take Chances On Anything To Do With A Tractor. There is always time to assure that your next step will not be your last step. Remember, a tractor is workhorse, not a racehorse. A tractor is designed for easy maneuverability at low speeds, not high speeds. Slow down on turns or curves. A tractor’s center of gravity is higher than a car and a fast sharp turn can result in a side rollover.

39. As you have learned, there is plenty to remember when it comes to tractor safety. Do your work carefully and safely, so that you leave your worksite under your own power, and not in an ambulance! Leaving under your own power is a much better way to end the day.

40. More Information Kubota Corporation – Ten Commandants of Tractor SafetyTen Commandants of Tractor Safety National Ag Safety Database(NASD) – A Guide to Safe Farm Tractor OperationA Guide to Safe Farm Tractor Operation National Ag Safety Database(NASD) – Power Take-off SafetyPower Take-off Safety Washington State University – Tractor SafetyTractor Safety

42. Questions? Thank You!