1. Acids and Bases SNC2D

2. Properties of Acids Acids: taste sour taste sour

3. Properties of Acids Acids: taste sour taste sour are corrosive are corrosive (react with metals to produce hydrogen gas)

4. Properties of Acids Acids: taste sour taste sour are corrosive are corrosive (react with metals to produce hydrogen gas) release hydrogen ions (H + ) in solution release hydrogen ions (H + ) in solution

5. Examples of Acids acetic acid acetic acid HC 2 H 3 O 2 (aq)

6. Examples of Acids acetic acid (in vinegar) acetic acid (in vinegar) HC 2 H 3 O 2 (aq)

7. Examples of Acids acetic acid (in vinegar) acetic acid (in vinegar) HC 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) citric acid (in citrus fruit) citric acid (in citrus fruit) H 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 (aq)

8. Examples of Acids acetic acid (in vinegar) acetic acid (in vinegar) HC 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) citric acid (in citrus fruit) citric acid (in citrus fruit) H 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 (aq) carbonic acid carbonic acid H 2 CO 3 (aq)

9. Examples of Acids acetic acid (in vinegar) acetic acid (in vinegar) HC 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) citric acid (in citrus fruit) citric acid (in citrus fruit) H 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 (aq) carbonic acid (in soft drinks) carbonic acid (in soft drinks) H 2 CO 3 (aq)

10. Examples of Acids acetic acid (in vinegar) acetic acid (in vinegar) HC 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) citric acid (in citrus fruit) citric acid (in citrus fruit) H 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 (aq) carbonic acid (in soft drinks) carbonic acid (in soft drinks) H 2 CO 3 (aq) hydrochloric acid hydrochloric acid HCl (aq)

11. Examples of Acids acetic acid (in vinegar) acetic acid (in vinegar) HC 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) citric acid (in citrus fruit) citric acid (in citrus fruit) H 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 (aq) carbonic acid (in soft drinks) carbonic acid (in soft drinks) H 2 CO 3 (aq) hydrochloric acid (in your digestive system) hydrochloric acid (in your digestive system) HCl (aq)

12. Naming Acids Binary acids (hydrogen + a single element) are called hydro_______ic acids e.g. H 2 S (aq) is hydrosulphuric acid

13. Naming Acids Oxyacids (hydrogen + a polyatomic ion) are called: _______ic acids if the name of the ion ends in -ate _____ous acids if the name of the ion ends in –ite e.g. HNO 3(aq) is nitric acid HNO 2(aq) is nitrous acid

14. Properties of Bases Bases: taste bitter taste bitter

15. Properties of Bases Bases: taste bitter taste bitter feel slippery feel slippery

16. Properties of Bases Bases: taste bitter taste bitter feel slippery feel slippery are corrosive (break down proteins) are corrosive (break down proteins)

17. Properties of Bases Bases: taste bitter taste bitter feel slippery feel slippery are corrosive (break down proteins) are corrosive (break down proteins) release hydroxide ions (OH - ) in solution release hydroxide ions (OH - ) in solution

18. Examples of Bases Sodium hydroxide NaOH Sodium hydroxide NaOH Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH) 3 Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH) 3

19. Examples of Bases Sodium hydroxide NaOH Sodium hydroxide NaOH Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH) 3 Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH) 3 Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO 3 Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO 3 Ammonia NH 3 Ammonia NH 3

20. Strong and Weak Some acids and bases are much stronger (have a higher concentration of ions in solution) than others. e.g.nitric acid is a strong acid; ammonia is a weak base

21. pH The strength of an acid or base may be measured on the pH scale. The scale runs from 0 to 14.

22. pH The strength of an acid or base may be measured on the pH scale. Neutral solutions (e.g. water) have a pH of 7.

23. pH The strength of an acid or base may be measured on the pH scale. Acidic solutions have a pH of less than 7.

24. pH The strength of an acid or base may be measured on the pH scale. The closer the pH to 7, the weaker the acid.

25. pH The strength of an acid or base may be measured on the pH scale. A basic or alkaline solution has a pH greater than 7.

26. pH The strength of an acid or base may be measured on the pH scale. The closer the pH to 7, the weaker the base.

27. Indicators It is possible to test the pH of a solution using indicators, e.g. litmus paper. Blue litmus paper turns red in an acid and remains blue in neutral or alkaline solutions.

28. Indicators It is possible to test the pH of a solution using indicators, e.g. litmus paper. Red litmus paper turns blue in a base and remains red in neutral or acidic solutions.