1. Why should the Corps of Engineers be interested in Arc Hydro? –Watershed planning –Reservoir operations –Flood damage reduction –Ecosystem restoration Arc Hydro: GIS for Water Resources David R. Maidment, University of Texas at Austin

2. Hydrologic Information System Hydrologic Modeling Arc Hydro Geodatabase

3. 1996 Texas Drought George W. Bush, (then Governor of Texas) asked: “Tell me how much water we have, how much water we’re using and how much water we need” State water officials did not have adequate answers

4. Texas Water Planning 1997 Texas Legislature passed Senate Bill 1 which provided for –State-wide geospatial data development (topography, hydrography, land use, soils and orthophotos) –Water planning in 14 regions rather than state- wide –Assessment of water availability for all water permits

5. Hydrologic Cataloging Units (HUCS) Guadalupe Basin (4 HUC’s) H ydrologic U nit C ode = 12100203 2015 HUC’s cover continental US average area ~ 1 county

6. Water Availability in the Guadalupe Basin Stream Gauge (14) Water Diversion (440) Estimate water availability at each legally permitted water diversion point based on “naturalized” flow at stream gages and the effects of other permitted diversions

7. Digital Elevation Model National Elevation Dataset 30m x 30m cells 11,000,000 cells to cover San Marcos basin 70,000,000 cells to cover Guadalupe basin San Marcos basin

8. Drainage Area Delineated from the Digital Elevation Model Arc Hydro attribute DrainArea

9. Estimating Naturalized Flow at Diversion Points QdQd QfQf AdAd AfAf Q d = Q f AdAfAdAf Naturalized flow record at stream gage (50 years of monthly flows) Estimated flow record at diversion point

10. Length Downstream D F Flow distance (D to F) = Length Downstream (D) – Length Downstream (F) Length Downstream (D) Length Downstream (F) F D Arc Hydro attribute LengthDown Seepage losses

11. Water Availability Modeling Hydrologic Modeling Water Rights Analysis Package (WRAP) 50 year series of naturalized monthly flows at stream gages GIS data for each diversion point Letter to each water permit owner specifying % of permitted flow available during a drought Completed for ~ 10,000 water permit holders, 1998-2002

12. Letter to each water permit owner specifying % of permitted flow available during a drought Geospatial data development by Center for Research in Water Resources, Univ. of Texas Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission Hydrologic modeling by engineering consultants Water Availability Assessment (completed for ~ 10,000 permit holders, 1998-2001)

13. Accomplishments Arc Hydro data model design completed and published on web (http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr) Arc Hydro book in production at ESRI Press Arc Hydro toolset v. 1.0 in beta testing

14. CD-ROM at back of book Arc Hydro UML diagrams, Repository, Example Geodatabases, Toolset, Tutorials

15. Arc Hydro Toolset Ver 1.0 Provides tools for processing raster and vector data and populating the attributes of the Arc Hydro data model

16. GIS in Water Resources Consortium Bringing together these two communities by using a common geospatial data model http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr GIS CRWR Water Resources

17. Flow Time Time Series Hydro FeaturesHydro Network Channel System Drainage System ArcGIS Hydro Data Model

19. Hydrography Hydrology

20. Streams Drainage Areas Hydrography Channels Terrain Surfaces Rainfall Response Digital Orthophotos Data Model Based on Inventory

21. Data Model Based on Behavior Follow a drop of water from where it falls on the land, to the stream, and all the way to the ocean.

22. Integrating Data Inventory using a Behavioral Model Relationships between objects linked by tracing path of water movement

24. Streams WatershedsWaterbody HydroPoints Arc Hydro Framework Input Data

25. Arc Hydro Framework

26. Arc Hydro Framework Dataset for the Guadalupe Basin

27. HydroNetwork through Canyon Lake Generic Junction (for topological connection of edges) Flowlines through water body

28. HydroJunction has Waterbody Relationship

29. Scales of representation of Drainage Systems Basins – drainage areas for water resources management Catchments – subdivision of Basin into elementary drainage areas by physical rules Digital Elevation Model – land surface terrain grid cells Watersheds – subdivision of Basin for a particular hydrologic purpose

30. NWS forecast Watersheds (flooding) EPA TMDL Segments (water quality) TNRCC water availability points (water supply) Guadalupe HydroNetwork Watersheds of the Guadalupe Basin

31. Catchments, DrainageLines and DrainagePoints

32. http://edcw2ks22.cr.usgs.gov/website/edna/viewer.htm EDNA – Elevation Derivatives for National Application

33. Catchments Subdivided at Watershed Outlet

34. Regional Analysis HydroNetwork to provide connectivity of flow through large regions Digital elevation model for terrain analysis within basins

36. Michael Schultz NWS River Forecast Center Fort Worth, Texas 1998 Guadalupe Flood

38. Cross-Sections developed using HEC-GeoRAS and National Elevation Dataset

39. Hydrologic simulation Using NWS Fldwav model

40. Guadalupe Network Study area only 1.4 km!

41. 1/2 meter Digital Ortho Photography Study Area (Guadalupe river near Seguin, TX)

42. Boat setup for data collection

43. Accoustic Doppler Current Profiler Provides full profiles of water velocity and direction in the ocean, rivers, and lakes. Also used for discharge, scour and river bed topography.

44. The electronic depth sounder operates in a similar way to radar It sends out an electronic pulse which echoes back from the bed. The echo is timed electronically and transposed into a reading of the depth of water. Depth Sounder (Echo Sounder)

45. Differential GPS: Bank to Boat GPS gives the location of each point collected in terms of latitude and longitude. Two locations for differential GPS.

46. Channel Data Each point has (x,y,z)

47. Interpolation Points are interpolated in ArcMap to produce a continuous surface.

48. FishNet (2D) FishNet is generated in ArcMap using FishNet tool in ArcGIS.

49. 3D Visualization in ArcScene

50. Centerline Define the centerline such that it joins the center of flow (area) at each cross section.

51. Measure in ArcGIS 0 54.37 154.41 281.36 A PolylineM can store m-values at each vertex along with x and y coordinates. Measures are assigned in meters

52. Coordinate Transformation m is measure along the centerline r is distance across the river from the centerline Sinuous river becomes straight when transformed into (m,r) co-ordinates.

53. Coordinate Transformation Sinuous river Profile line and cross-sections Straightened river

54. Straightened River in 3D

55. Data back to x,y coordinates Original river in X,Y Profile lines and cross-sections in (x,y) created using FishNet in (m,r).

56. Profile Lines and Cross Sections in 3D Bird’s eye view!

57. National Water Information System Web access to USGS water resources data in real time

58. Space Historical daily mean discharge Streamflow statistics Real Time data Streamflow Information in Space and Time Time At Gages Anywhere on a Stream Future PossibilitiesCurrent Streamstats

59. TSDateTime FeatureID TSType TSValue Arc Hydro Time Series Object

60. View 1: Time Series for a Spatial Feature TSDateTime FeatureID TSType 101

62. View 2: Time Series of a Particular Type TSDateTime FeatureID TSType Evaporation

63. View 3: Time Series of a Particular Type for a Single Feature TSDateTime FeatureID TSType Evaporation

65. HRAP Cells for Nexrad Data Average area = 14.5 km 2

66. Water Balance in the Landscape Atmospheric Water Soil WaterSurface Water Groundwater Precipitation Evaporation Runoff Recharge Baseflow

67. National Hydro Data Programs http://www.crwr.utexas.edu/giswr/nhdconf/nationalhydro.html National Elevation Dataset (NED) National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) Watershed Boundary DatasetElevation Derivatives for National Application (EDNA)

68. EDNA Catchments Average area = 7.5 km 2

69. Modflow Groundwater Cells Average area = 2.6 km 2 Modflow Model of the Edwards-Trinity aquifer

70. Intersection of Nexrad and Catchments Atmospheric Water Soil Water Surface Water Surface Water Balance

71. Intersection of Nexrad and Modflow Cells Atmospheric Water Groundwater Balance

72. Intersection of Nexrad, Catchments and Modflow Atmospheric Water Soil WaterSurface Water Groundwater

73. Coupling Spatial and Temporal Data 1 hour Nexard Rainfall on the Guadalupe Basin October 13, 2001

75. Arc Hydro and Modeling Intrinsic Modeling – within a particular application eg Excel, ArcGIS Dynamic Linked Library – tightly coupled package of functions (e.g. LibHydro from HEC) Independent Modeling – separate hydrologic model with data exchange

76. Dynamic Linked Library Can have Fortran subroutines in a DLL Muskingum flow routing

77. Independent Hydrologic Model VB progam reads and writes text files

78. Analysis, Modeling, Decision Making Arc Hydro Geodatabase Visual Basic ArcGIS Relational Database (Access) Excel Interfaces to Arc Hydro Data and Models

79. Other Arc Hydro Implementations USGS –Stream Stats HEC –GeoRAS –GeoHMS Streamstats

80. Why should the Corps of Engineers be interested in Arc Hydro? –Watershed planning –Reservoir operations –Flood damage reduction –Ecosystem restoration Arc Hydro: GIS for Water Resources David R. Maidment, University of Texas at Austin