2. The Dutch Establish New Netherland: – Built New Amsterdam, city, at the tip of Manhattan Island in 1625. – The city of New Amsterdam, because of its location on the Atlantic coast, it served as the colony’s largest town, major seaport, and government headquarters.

3. The Dutch Establish New Netherland: Government in New Netherland: – Governor was APPOINTED by the Dutch West Indian Company, as were an advisory council of leading colonists; – Did NOT permit an elected assembly; – Run by AUTHORITARIAN governors; – TOLERATED religious differences

4. The Dutch Establish New Netherland: Push-and-Pull Factors: – Why were Europeans not going to New Netherland? Push factors – motivate people to leave their home countries – escape religious persecution Pull factors – attract people to a new location – promise of better life and fertile soil.

5. The Dutch Establish New Netherland: Push-and-Pull Factors: The Dutch did not immigrate to the Americas because things were good at home; However, in England things were bad economically so they immigrated to the Americas

6. The English Conquest: – Because New Netherland did not have a lot of people, they suffered when the English attacked and the English took over.

7. The English Conquest: New York Becomes an English Colony: – New Amsterdam becomes the city of New York; – Victory secured the mid-Atlantic coast for the English – New Jersey is added to the Middle Colonies

8. William Penn Founds Pennsylvania: – Penn embraced the Quaker faith, a radical form of Protestantism; – Penn was different than most Quakers because he was wealthy; most Quakers distrusted the rich and powerful

9. Quaker Beliefs: – Seek “Inner Light” to understand the Bible; – Did not have clergy, and considered women spiritually equal to men; – Both men and women were leaders for meetings; – Quakers are pacifists, refused to carry weapons; – Tolerated other faiths; – UNLIKE Puritan Massachusetts, Pennsylvania would have no privileged church with tax support.

10. Pennsylvania Prospers: – Pennsylvania means “Penn’s Woods.” – Philadelphia is capital; – Colonists prospered because of temperate climate, fertile soil, and a navigable river; – Like New England Puritans, but unlike the Chesapeake colonists, most early Pennsylvanians came in freedom as families of middle-class means; – Most were Quakers – Peace with Native Americans

11. Diversity in the Middle Colonies: – Developed ethnic and religious diversity greater than either the Chesapeake area or New England ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS PLURALISM – The Middle Colonies included: Dutch, Swedes, Finns, French Protestants, Germans, Norwegians, and Scots – as well as English – Many different faiths were practiced in the middle colonies;