1. 14 years of PSI Policy and its impact Marc de Vries (ePSI Platform) Madrid Conference Madrid 15 February 2012

2. Where do we come from? Draft PSI Directive is a landmark Short overview of history and the patterns Impact – PSI in total – Sectors

4. Impact EU - Some highlights 2006 – MEPSIR: 27 Billion euro (EU 27 + Norway) 2008 – various studies: 28 Billion euro (EU 27) 2011 – Vickery study (EU 27): – direct economic footprint 32 Billion euro (EU 27) – if marginal costs are implemented: 40 Billion – If indirect effects are included (innovation, social behaviour) 2011 – POPSIS – Users and usage increase dramatically when marginal/zero costs – Cost recovery ratio own sales low (> 80% PSBs  less than 5%) – Costs PSB go down if re-use is ‘professionalized’, even if usage goes up – Extra tax returns and efficiciency gains outweigh loss of income

5. Impact in sectors? 2006 – MEPSIR: 27 Billion euro (EU 27 + Norway) 2008 – various studies: 28 Billion euro (EU 27) 2011 – Vickery study (EU 27): – direct economic footprint 32 Billion euro (EU 27) – if marginal costs are implemented: 40 Billion – If indirect effects are included (innovation, social behaviour) 2011 – POPSIS – Users and usage increase dramatically when marginal/zero costs – Cost recovery ratio own sales low (> 80% PSBs  less than 5%) – Costs PSB go down if re-use is ‘professionalized’, even if usage goes up – Extra tax returns and efficiciency gains outweigh loss of income

6. Impact in sectors? What happened in PSI value chain? Comparison 1998 – 2012 Value chains of 3 sectors, you must guess… Create (produce, collect, compile) Collect, compile DistributeRe-use Public task domain Outside public task Public task domainOutside public task

7. 1998: Creating legislation is by definition public task Traditionally only production was considered public task Power was with distributors: owned compilation process and distribution platforms Re-users: small and rich, no clustering of demand High entry barriers, no substitutes WHAT HAPPENED? Government took step forward, changed perception of public task Pushed publishers forward in value chain, no charges Legal information value chain Produce Collect, compile DistributeRe-use Produce Collect, compile DistributeRe-use 1998 2012

8. 1998 Public sector body monopolies, hardly private sector involvement WHAT HAPPENED? Technology allows for non public sector parties to do sourcing Up + down stream competition between public sector and market parties Even internal public sector users switch to market parties products public task charachter has become questionable Only specific use within government justifies information to be PSI (defence, weather, public safety) Traffic information/topographic information value chain Produce Collect, compile DistributeRe-use Collect, compile DistributeRe-use 1998 2012 Produce

9. 1998 High value data, mass consumption Public task charachter case clear Also, infrastructural investments and international set up disallow private sector to step in up stream market, so no upstream competition WHAT HAPPENED? Division between NMI’s that have stepped out and those that stay in Distinction between professional and mass markets (down stream) Integrators has power over (other mass) distribution channels Fierce competition in professional markets Meteo information value chain Produce Collect, compile DistributeRe-use Produce Collect, compile Distribute Re-use professional M Re-use consumer M 1998 2012

10. conclusions There is no such thing as PSI Impact Directive depends on shift power in value chain it will bring about and technology Pockets of PSB market activities remain (meteo + cadastral information) General rules of competition law remain to have role in other parts of value chain Demarcation of public task is essential