1. CS 43111 Process Improvement CMM Hans Van Vliet, Software Engineering, Principles and Practice, 3 rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2008. Chapter 6. W. Humphrey, Characterizing the Software Process: A Maturity Framework. IEEE Software, 5(2):73-79, Mar 1988.

2. 2 CS 4311 Learning Objectives To know what process improvement is along with its motivation To understand CMM as an example process improvement model

3. 3 CS 4311 Motivation Definition: Process Improvement A series of actions taken to identify, analyze and improve existing processes to meet new goals and objectives, etc. Why PI?  Goal of S/W development => To produce high-quality software  Accomplish it by improving its process?

4. 4 CS 4311 Basic Model of Improvement Observe some difficulty Collect some data Identify the root causes (hypothesis) Develop reasonable solutions (test) Plan and implement the changes

5. 5 CS 4311 Emphasis High-quality software  correctness  reliability  robustness  user friendliness  verifiability  maintainability  safety Finite amount of resources Cost-effective manner  Main cost in software is time

6. 6 CS 4311 Why is Process Improvement Difficult? Software is variable:  Processes  Goals  Content Software development is:  Evolutionary and experimental  Not production  Human based Lack of models :  Needed to reason about the process and the product

7. 7 CS 4311 Process Improvement Framework Quagmire

8. 8 CS 4311 Capability Maturity Model (CMM) for Software Process capability  Ability of a process to produce planned results Software Engineering Institute (SEI)  Carnegie Mellon 5 Levels: Levels 1-5 Certification based on audits

9. 9 CS 4311 5 Stages of CMM for Software Level 1: Initial Level 2: Repeatable Level 3: Defined Level 4: Managed Level 5: Optimizing Initial Repeatable Def ined Managed Optimizing

10. 10 CS 4311 Level 1: Initial Ad hoc No process in place Level 2: Repeatable Achieved a stable process with a repeatable level of statistical control Level 3: Defined Achieved foundation for major and continuing progress Level 4: Managed Substantial quality improvements Comprehensive measurements Level 5: Optimizing Major improvements in quality and quantity Basic management control Process definition Process management Process control Capability Maturity Model Heroics Basic project management Process standardization Quantitative management Continuous process Improvement

11. 11 CS 4311 Group Work: CMM Levels Read p. 137-142 or [Humphrey88]  Team 1: Levels 1 & 2  Team 2: Levels 2 & 3  Team 3: Levels 3 & 4  Team 4: Levels 4 & 5  Team 5: Levels 1 & 2  Team 6: Levels 2 & 3 Study CMM levels focusing on  Characteristics of each level  What should be done to move to the next level

12. 12 CS 4311 CMM Maturity Level 1: Initial Characteristics No sound SE management principles in place Ad hoc practices May be successful because of competent manager and team Activities are not preplanned, but response to crisis Unpredictable process Cannot predict time and cost of development To get to next level Initiate project management

13. 13 CS 4311 CMM Maturity Level 2: Repeatable Characteristics Basic SE management practices in place Planning and management are based on experience with similar products (repeatable) Track costs and schedules Identify problems as arise and take immediate corrective action To get to next level Standardize Processes

14. 14 CS 4311 Process Standardization Peer Reviews Project Interface Coordination Software Product Engineering  methods and technologies  software development process architecture Integrated Software Management Organization-level Awareness  Organization Training Program  Organization Process Definition  Organization Process Focus

15. 15 CS 4311 CMM Maturity Level 3: Defined Characteristics Process for development fully documented Reviews used to achieve software quality Introduce CASE Tools To get to next level Quantitative Management

16. 16 CS 4311 Quantitative Management Statistical process management  quantify quality and cost parameters Process database to maintain process data Assess relative quality of each product

17. 17 CS 4311 CMM Maturity Level 4: Managed Characteristics Organization sets quality and productivity goals for each project Continually measure Statistical quality control in place To get to next level Support automatic gathering of process data Use data to analyze and modify the process Defect Prevention

18. 18 CS 4311 CMM Maturity Level 5: Optimizing Characteristics Statistical quality and process control techniques are used and guide the organization Process has positive feedback loop To maintain level Continue improvement and optimization of the process