1. 1 National Radio Astronomy Observatory – Town Hall AAS 211 th Meeting – Austin, Texas Science Synergies with NRAO Telescopes Chris Carill NRAO

2. 2 z >6 => Low order molecular transitions redshift to the short cm bands L BH = 1e14 L o Black hole mass ~3 x 10 9 M o Gas mass ~ 2e10 M o Dust mass ~ 7e8 M o Dyn. Mass ~ 2e10/(sin  )^2 M o First light: Pushing into Cosmic Reionization (t univ < 1Gyr) SDSS J1148+5251 z=6.42 1” ~ 5.5kpc CO3-2 VLA GP absorption => Universe is opaque at obs < 0.9um

3. 3  FIR excess in 30% of z~6 QSO host galaxies: L FIR ~ 1e13 L o  Follows Radio-FIR correlation: SFR ~ 3000 M o /yr  CO excitation ~ starburst nucleus: T kin ~ 100K, n H2 ~ 1e5 cm^-3 Radio-FIR correlation 50K Elvis QSO SED Continuum SED and CO excitation ladder

4. 4 [CII] 158um ISM gas cooling line at z=6.4 30m 256GHz Maiolino etal CII PdBI Walter et al.  FS lines redshift to mm wavelengths at z>6  Structure identical to CO 3-2” (~ 6 kpc) => distributed gas heating = star formation?  SFR ~ 6.5e-6 L [CII] ~ 3000 M o /yr => coeval formation of giant elliptical galaxy + SMBH within 870 Myr of Big Bang 1” CII + CO 3-2 Prediction: Fine structure lines will be the work-horse lines for studies of the first galaxies with ALMA.

5. 5 J0840 GBT CO2-1 PdBI CO5-4 Sub-thermal excitation of CO 5-4 => Super-massive molecular gas reservoir = 9e10M o, of cooler (<40K), lower density (<1e4cm^-3), molecular gas Cold gas at high redshift: QSO host galaxy at z=5.85 Wagg, Wang, et al. 2008

6. 6 Median stacking of 6500 U-dropouts (z~3) from Cosmos field SFR(radio) = 73 M o /yr SFR(UV) = 14 M o /yr (w/o dust correction)  UV dust attenuation factor for LBGs = 5.2 +/- 1.2  EVLA will detect synchrotron from individual LBGs in ~ 10hr with FoV ~ 30arcmin  ALMA will detect dust, CO in ~ 1 hr (although smaller FoV ~ 20arcsec) VLA 1.4GHz S 1.4 = 0.9 +/- 0.21 uJy See poster by N. Lee

7. 7 (sub)mm: high order molecular lines + fine structure lines: ISM physics and star formation cm telescopes: low order molecular transitions: total gas mass, dense gas tracers, dynamics Synergy: spectral line studies of normal galaxies into reionization

8. 8 cm: Star formation, AGN (sub)mm Dust, molecular gas Near-IR: Stars, ionized gas, AGN Arp 220 vs z Synergy: continuum A Panchromatic view of galaxy formation

9. 9 NRAO: One Observatory serving all astronomers Time allocation Single proposal tool, serving all NRAO telescopes Joint programs: single proposal using multiple telescopes, as dictated by science goals Panel review(s?) with broad range of representation NRAO Archive: ‘one stop shopping’ Single archive with raw data and standard data products: pipeline processed images, spectra Single interface

10. 10 NRAO and the community: moving together into the 21st Century Example: ALMA development budget $10M/year (globally) => leverage $1.2G investment to remain state-of-art for 20+ years Hardware and software projects can be proposed and carried out by the NRAO, other institutions within North America, or as collaborative efforts. ALMA Board resolution: “The ALMA Board has charged the project to develop a long term ALMA Development Plan in consultation with the international astronomy community. The plan should set out the scientific context for transformational science with ALMA in 2020, in the era of, for example, JWST, ELTs and SKA, and the developments necessary to achieve this vision. The ALMA Board views this plan as having the utmost strategic priority, and is coordinating its development across the entire ALMA partnership.” Guiding principle: This should be a pan-chromatic perspective, incorporating ALMA's appeal to non-sub-mm/mm specialists

11. 11 The Process Stage I The JAO Project Scientist and the ASAC identify the scientific themes for sub-groups (for example: star formation, galaxy formation,…), with input from regional science advisory committees (ANASAC in NA) International ALMA Workshop organized by JAO, with broad community involvement, following the sub-group theme Sub-group Chairs, the ASAC and JAO produce the preliminary report Stage II Preliminary report distributed to Executives and used for any necessary regional activities, coordinated by ANASAC in NA Presented in appropriate forums in each region for further feedback, eg. ANASAC meetings, NAASC workshops, AAS townhall(s) Sub-group Chairs, the ASAC and JAO produce the final report based on feedback

12. 12 END