1. Global Interactions Review #5 Explain the Meaning of this Title: As diverse cultures interact (Trade, War, Migration)  New ideas spread and are adopted

2. CausesWhat is it? Effects Rise of Mongols From steppes (dry, grasslands)  nomadic herders who easily adapted to environment Strategic Military tactics Use of the stirrup Nomadic group who establishe d the largest Empire in history Provided stability  extensive trade on Silk Road  cultural diffusion and progress  spread of Black Death Isolated Russia during Renaissance Marco Polo’s travels wrote about Mongol Empire

3. CausesWhat is it? Effects Crusades Muslim Crusaders sacked Jerusalem Willing to fight for holy land (of Muslims, Christians and Jews) Serfs willing to leave fiefs for promise of land and heaven Series of holy wars fought between Muslims and Christians at end of Middle Ages (1000-1200s ** Trade increases between Europe and Asia** Cultural diffusion! Decline of Middle Ages Start of Commercial Revolution  Renaissance

4. CausesWhat is it? Effects Black Death Increase of trade (Mongols and Silk Road, the Commercial Revolution) Empire expansion by Mongols (war) AKA- Bubonic Plague. A disease spread by fleas on rats who snuck on trade ships 25 million dead Shortage of workers Production declined/ Prices rose Collapse of Feudalism Growth of cities

5. CausesWhat is it? Effects The Commercial Revolution - Crusades  Trade between East and West -Growth of towns and the middle class of merchants A major turning point in Europe that ended the Middle Ages and began a new era of trade and prosperity - TRADE INCREASED! -Growth of middle class -Rise of capitalism -Creation of banks and guilds -End of feudalism -Beginning of Renaissance

6. Causes What is it? Effects Mercantilism: Encomienda System: Columbian Exchange: Triangular Trade/Middle Passage: Age of Exploration A period beginning in the 1400s of European exploration of the world  “Discovery” of the Americas Desire to find cheaper trade routes not under Ottoman control Invention of gun powder Invention of printing press  better navigation technology (astrolabe, caravel) Political Stability Spain and Portugal lead exploration Global trade centers around Atlantic (not Med. Sea) Beginning of European dominance in world Americas imperialized Established by Spain in Latin America to create a favorable Balance of Trade System of forced labor upon natives and mixed race New exchange of products, goods and disease between Americas and Europe African Slaves  Americas  goods/material to Europe