1. Intro to World Geography II

2. What is Geography? The purpose of geography is to provide a view of the whole earth by mapping the location of places. The purpose of geography is to provide a view of the whole earth by mapping the location of places. Ptolemy, 150 CEPtolemy, 150 CE

3. What is Geography? …a discipline synthesizing findings of other sciences through the concept of [space]… …a discipline synthesizing findings of other sciences through the concept of [space]… Immanuel Kant, c. 1780Immanuel Kant, c. 1780

4. What is Geography? The study of the physical, biological, and cultural features of the earth’s surface.

5. Geography is the why of where. Geography is the why of where. “Space” is to geography as “Time” is to history. “Space” is to geography as “Time” is to history.

6. Physical v. Cultural Geography Physical Geo Physical Geo Focuses on the physical environment, including landforms, weather, climate, vegetation, and soils.Focuses on the physical environment, including landforms, weather, climate, vegetation, and soils. Cultural Geo Cultural Geo Focuses on the complete ways of life that a group of people pass on to their children, including food, language, religion, etc.Focuses on the complete ways of life that a group of people pass on to their children, including food, language, religion, etc.

7. Five Themes of Geography 1. Location: Where are we? 1. Location: Where are we? Absolute – an address using longitude and latitudeAbsolute – an address using longitude and latitude Relative – described as where you are compared to another place, landmark, distance, etc.Relative – described as where you are compared to another place, landmark, distance, etc.

8. Five Themes of Geography 2. Place: What kind of place is it? 2. Place: What kind of place is it? Human characteristicsHuman characteristics Buildings, roads, clothing, food, culture, etc. Buildings, roads, clothing, food, culture, etc. Physical characteristicsPhysical characteristics Mountains, rivers, wildlife, soil, etc. Mountains, rivers, wildlife, soil, etc.

9. Five Themes of Geography 3. Human-Environmental Interactions (HEI): How do humans and the environment affect each other? 3. Human-Environmental Interactions (HEI): How do humans and the environment affect each other? Humans adapt to the environmentHumans adapt to the environment Humans modify the environmentHumans modify the environment Humans depend on the environmentHumans depend on the environment

10. Five Themes of Geography 4. Movement: How do people, ideas, goods, etc. move or interact? 4. Movement: How do people, ideas, goods, etc. move or interact? Humans interact through travel, trade, email, news.Humans interact through travel, trade, email, news. Ideas, fashions, and fads move, too.Ideas, fashions, and fads move, too. We live in a global economy.We live in a global economy.

11. Five Themes of Geography 5. Region: A region is any area with like characteristics. 5. Region: A region is any area with like characteristics. Formal regions: set boundaries (countries)Formal regions: set boundaries (countries) Functional regions: defined by like characteristicsFunctional regions: defined by like characteristics

12. What every map should have! TOADLS TOADLS T=Title – every map should be titled so the reader knows at what he/she is looking.T=Title – every map should be titled so the reader knows at what he/she is looking. O=Orientation – every map should have a compass rose to identify direction.O=Orientation – every map should have a compass rose to identify direction.

13. What every map should have! TOADLS TOADLS A=Author – every map should identify who created it; oftentimes maps in textbooks will assume the reader knows the book’s author created the map.A=Author – every map should identify who created it; oftentimes maps in textbooks will assume the reader knows the book’s author created the map. D=Date – every map should identify when the map was created.D=Date – every map should identify when the map was created.

14. What every map should have! TOADLS TOADLS L=Legend (or key) – every map should have a key identifying how to read markings on the map.L=Legend (or key) – every map should have a key identifying how to read markings on the map. S=Scale – MOST maps will have a scale that shows the units of measurement, like how to measure distance.S=Scale – MOST maps will have a scale that shows the units of measurement, like how to measure distance.