1. WORK STUDY WORK STUDY IS A GENERIC TERM FOR THOSE TECHNIQUES, PARTICULARLY METHOD STUDY AND WORK MEASUREMENT,WHICH ARE USED IN THE EXAMINATION OF HUMAN WORK IN ALL ITS CONTEXTS, AND WHICH LEAD SYSTEMATICALLY TO THE INVESTIGATION OF ALL THE FACTORS WHICH AFFECT THE EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMY OF THE SITUATION BEING REVIEWED, IN ORDER TO EFFECT IMPROVEMENT - I.L.O.

2. METHOD STUDY METHOD STUDY IS THE SYSTEMATIC RECORDING AND CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF EXISTING AND PROPOSED WAYS OF DOING WORK, AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING AND APPLYING EASIER AND MORE EFFECTIVE METHODS AND REDUCING COSTS

3. WORK MEASUREMENT WORK MEASUREMENT IS THE APPLICATION OF TECHNIQUES DESIGNED TO ESTABLISH THE TIME FOR A QUALIFIED WORKER TO CARRY OUT A SPECIFIED JOB AT A DEFINED LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE

4. WORK STUDY METHOD STUDY TO SIMPLIFY THE JOB AND DEVELOP MORE ECONOMICAL METHODS OF DOING IT WORK MEASUREMENT TO DETERMINE HOW LONG IT SHOULD TAKE TO CARRY OUT HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY

5. BASIC STEPS OF METHOD STUDY 1. SELECT 2. RECORD 3. EXAMINE 4. DEVELOP 5. DEFINE 6. INSTALL 7. MAINTAIN

6. SELECT 1. ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS 2. TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS 3. HUMAN CONSIDERATIONS

7. RECORD OPERATION INSPECTION TRANSPORT DELAY STORE

8. METHOD STUDY CHARTS 1. OUTLINE PROCESS CHART 2. FLOW PROCESS CHART (Man type, Material type, Machine type) 3. TWO HANDED PROCESS CHART 4. MULTIPLE ACTIVITY CHART

9. EXAMINE 3 TYPES OF ACTIVITIES FOR ANY JOB 1. Make ready activities 2. Do activities 3. Put away activities

10. EXAMINE- QUESTIONS PURPOSE – What is done, Why is it done, What else might be done, What should be done PLACE – Where is it done, Why is it done there, Where else might it be done, Where it should be done SEQUENCE – When is it done, Why is it done then, When might it be done, When should it be done PERSON – Who does it, Why does that person do it, Who else might do it, Who should do it MEANS – How is it done, Why is it done that way, How else might it be done, How should it be done

11. DEVELOP 1. WHAT SHOULD BE DONE ? 2. WHERE SHOULD IT BE DONE ? 3. WHEN SHOULD IT BE DONE ? 4. WHO SHOULD DO IT? 5. HOW SHOULD IT BE DONE ?

12. DEFINE 1. DESCRIBE THE METHOD 2.DESCRIBE THE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS 3. DEFINE THE SKILLS OF WORKMEN 4. DECIDE THE MACHINES,EQUIPMENTS,TOOLS Etc

13. INSTALL 1.GAIN ACCEPTANCE OF TOP MANAGEMENT 2.GAIN ACCEPTANCE OF UNIONS

14. MAINTAIN THE NEW METHOD SHOULD BE MAINTAINED PROPERLY OTHERWISE WORKERS MAY GO BACK TO EARLIER METHOD

15. PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY There are a number of principles concerning the economy of movements which have been developed as a result of experience and which form a basis for the development of improved methods at the work place. These were developed by FRANK GILBRETH, the founder of motion study. These are grouped under 3 headings: 1. Use of human body 2. Arrangement of work place 3. design of tools and equipments

16. PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY (Contd.) 1.The two hands should begin and complete their movements at the same time. 2. Motions of arms should be symmetrical and in opposite directions and should be made simultaneously. 3. Continuous curved movements are to be preferred to straight line motions involving sudden sharp changes in directions. 4. Definite and fixed stations should be provided for all tools and materials to permit habit formation 5. Tools, materials and controls should be located within the maximum working area as near to the worker as possible

18. PRINCIPLES OF MOTION ECONOMY (Contd.) 6. The chair and table should be of convenient height. 7. The colour of the work place should contrast with that of work and thus reduce eye fatigue 8. Two or more tools should be combined where ever possible 9. Levers and hand wheels should be so placed that the operator can use them with the least change in body position.