1. Cardiothoracic Surgery

2. Topics Valvotomy and valve replacement Open heart surgery and cardiac bypass surgery Correction of congenital heart diseases Heart transplantation Pace maker implantation Coronary angioplasty and balloon angioplasty

3. What is cardiothoracic surgery? Is it surgery involving heart? Is it surgery involving lungs? Or both? +++ some more

4. Valvotomy and valve replacement Why valvotomy? Valvular stenosis Valve regurgitation Traumatic valvular injury

5. Main valves of the heart

6. What’s valve replacement Valve replacement is replacing the diseased/ injured valve by a prosthetic valve. Prosthetic valve maybe Artificial Natural – e.g. Humans, pigs

7. Some examples of prosthetic valves

8. How is it done By open heart surgery or Minimally invasive radiographic procedures

9. Topics Valvotomy and valve replacement Open heart surgery and cardiac bypass surgery Correction of congenital heart diseases Heart transplantation Pace maker implantation Coronary angioplasty and balloon angioplasty

10. Open heart surgery and cardiac bypass surgery

11. Open heart surgery Done when needed to repair a structure beyond endocardium. E.g. Valve replacement surgery Trauma Surgery

12. Cardiac bypass surgery Done to bypass an obstruction of the coronary arterial system.

13. Topics Valvotomy and valve replacement Open heart surgery and cardiac bypass surgery Correction of congenital heart diseases Heart transplantation Pace maker implantation Coronary angioplasty and balloon angioplasty

14. Correction of congenital heart diseases Common congenital heart diseases  Atrial septal defect  Ventricular septal defect  Patent ductus arteriosus  Coarctation of aorta

15. Atrial septal defect A persistent opening between two atria Correction is done by placing an umbrella devise in the septum by an endoscopic procedure

16. Ventricular septal defect An opening between two ventricles Correction is done either by cardiac catheterization or by open heart surgery

17. Patent ductus arteriosus Correction is done by placing a stent by an intracardiac catheter.

18. Coarctation of aorta Correction is done by flap repair or End to end anastomosis of resection of narrowed segment

19. Repair of coarctation

20. Topics Valvotomy and valve replacement Open heart surgery and cardiac bypass surgery Correction of congenital heart diseases Heart transplantation Pace maker implantation Coronary angioplasty and balloon angioplasty

21. Heart transplantation Cardiac transplantation is the procedure by which the failing heart is replaced with another heart from a suitable donor. The procedure is generally reserved for patients with end-stage congestive heart failure with a prognosis of less than a year to live without the transplant and who are not candidates for conventional medical therapy or have not been helped by conventional medical therapy.

23. Topics Valvotomy and valve replacement Open heart surgery and cardiac bypass surgery Correction of congenital heart diseases Heart transplantation Pace maker implantation Coronary angioplasty and balloon angioplasty

24. Pacemakers Devices treat bradyarrhythmias and tachyarrhythmias and any other abnormality in cardiac rhythm.

25. Topics Valvotomy and valve replacement Open heart surgery and cardiac bypass surgery Correction of congenital heart diseases Heart transplantation Pace maker implantation Coronary angioplasty and balloon angioplasty

26. A catheter is a thin, flexible tube which is inserted into a coronary artery. The balloon at the tip of the catheter is blown up at the narrowed section of artery to force it wider. A 'stent' (a small tube) is left in place to keep the artery widened.

28. Topics Valvotomy and valve replacement Open heart surgery and cardiac bypass surgery Correction of congenital heart diseases Heart transplantation Pace maker implantation Coronary angioplasty and balloon angioplasty