1. Managing Qualified Employees 04/04/2013

2. Today’s sub-topics 1. The Strategic Importance of Recruiting and Retaining Talented Employees 2. Recruiting and Retaining within an Integrated HRM System 3. Recruiting Methods and Sources 4. Recruiting from the Applicant’s Perspective 5. Equal Opportunity and Non-Discrimination 6. Reducing Recruiting by Retaining Employees

3. 1. The Strategic Importance of Recruiting and Retaining Talented Employees Recruitment & Selection - Recruitment involves searching for and obtaining qualified applicants for the organization to consider when filling job openings / coming up with job descriptions - Selection is everything an employer does to encourage qualified and productive employees to continue working for the organization

4. The Strategic Importance of Recruiting and Retaining Talented Employees Strategic Choices - Questions that need to be addressed during HR strategic planning can include: How many employees do we need to hire in the near future and in 3-5 years? Are we going to pay above market average? Are we looking for employees who are different from our current ones? What competencies do we need from them?

5. The Strategic Importance of Recruiting and Retaining Talented Employees Reducing Expenses and Improving Productivity - e.g. JPS Health Network, the problem was that 17% of the nursing jobs were vacant, and if a nurse resigned, it took 6-7 weeks to find a replacement Solution: reduce the vacancy rate shorten the time need to fill vacancies improve the requirements and quality of the job description and consequently the quality of the applicants

6. The Strategic Importance of Recruiting and Retaining Talented Employees The Value of Retaining the Best Employees - Recruiting people in line with the organization’s needs and then finding ways to keep them! → Reduced overall labour costs → Improved productivity - Disadvantages of turnover Cost of filling empty positions Less experienced employees stay Key people / talent moves to competitors

7. 2. Recruiting and Retaining within an Integrated HRM System Links to other HR Activities Effective planning minimizes unexpected labour shortages created by managerial actions such as excessive layoffs (in response for example to an external event) and failing at the same time to develop effective succession plans

8. Recruiting and Retaining within an Integrated HRM System External environment - Labour markets: e.g. during the high tech boom of the 1990s, employers spend money to recruit talented computer programmers - Technology: electronic / internet recruiting is a significant trend, reduces cost for the organization (e.g. screening to assess applicants’ basic qualifications)

9. 3. Recruiting Methods and Sources Internal Labour Market The organization’s current employees are one source of applicants - Job Postings: prominently display current job openings to all employees in an organization - Talent Inventories: a database that contains information about the pool of current employees

10. Recruiting Methods and Sources - Promotions: moving into a position of higher status (hierarchy), usually associated with higher pay - Transfers: a lateral job transfer, employees can develop a broader perspective of the organization through a long-term development - Disadvantages: most qualified employees may never be considered, static perspective

11. Recruiting Methods and Sources External Labour Market People who don’t work for the organization / work for other organizations - Walk-in Applicants, electronic applications, employment agencies and search firms, school placement services and trade associations

12. Recruiting Methods and Sources - Employee Referrals: when current employees inform their friends / family about openings in their organization and encourage them to apply - Foreign Nationals: Host country nationals, people working in their own country Third country nationals, people working in a country that is neither their own nor that of the parent company

13. 4. Recruiting from the Applicant’s Perspective Giving Applicants the Information they Need Compensatory approach, most job seekers make trade-offs between different job and organizational attributes Realities of the current labour markets focus on economic issues Sociological factors, individual needs, interests, abilities

14. Recruiting from the Applicant’s Perspective - The Organization: applicants can differ considerably on the information they will attend to.. Characteristics such as size, location, general reputation, management ethics, hires / layoffs - The Job: fit between jobs and skills, status, nature of work - HR Practices: benefits (health insurance, security) flexible work, training / learning opportunities

15. 5. Equal Opportunity and Non- Discrimination EEO – 1 Reports Employer Information, giving an accounting of the workforce composition of an organization using 4 factors (job family, sex, race / ethnicity, employment status) - Electronic Applicant Tracking System: collects and stores the needed information automatically using a standard format that lists the job content and skill requirements based on a job description

16. Equal Opportunity and Non- Discrimination Affirmative Action Programs (AAPs) Intended to ensure proportional representation or parity, or to correct underutilization of qualified members of protected groups in an organization’s relevant labour market - Arguments in favour of AAPs Increase the diversity of the applicant pool

17. Equal Opportunity and Non- Discrimination Beneficial to society, by avoiding to have significant portions of the population caught in a vicious cycle of low economic achievement - Arguments against AAPs Reverse discrimination Pitting groups against each other leads to greater discrimination against each other

18. Equal Opportunity and Non- Discrimination Breaking the Glass Ceiling The challenge for organizations is to balance their desire to recruit the best available talent with their desire to break through the glass ceiling e.g. Colgate-Palmolive ‘we wanted the best person we could get, but that person had to be a woman’

19. 6. Reducing Recruiting by Retaining Employees Understanding the Reasons for Turnover - Low Job Satisfaction: dislike the job, work overload, inflexible scheduling - Poor HRM Practices: low compensation, little recognition, lack of fairness - Labour Market Conditions: low unemployment rates, better opportunities elsewhere - Other Role Commitments and Time Conflicts: family, leisure, community

20. Reducing Recruiting by Retaining Employees Improving the HRM System Listen to employees’ interests and concerns Provision of regular and honest feedback Discussion of career / development plans Managing Layoffs A short-term cost-cutting solution e.g. 3M gives displaced employees first consideration (for 6 months) for other job openings within the unit