1. ECE 497 Capstone Design Will Barrett Asato Tashiro Adam Anderson

2. Purpose of the System The purpose is to create a scanning system to determine the location and size of metal fragments in a medium density fiber panel.

3. Background Information The Weapons Integration & Development Directorate of the US Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, & Engineering Center performs a variety of munitions and warhead test programs – Known as the “AMRDEC” – Patrick Taylor is our sponsor They use bundles of fiber panels to capture shrapnel from the explosions Each bundle is then searched BY HAND to recover fragments, tabulate the X/Y position, and mass for each panel – The panel location is used to determine the depth of the fragment

4. Background Information (cont’d) The process can take up to 100 man hours PER PANEL Each bundle could require up to 96 panels, or 9600 man- hours per bundle Removal is done outside on the test range – Personnel have to be in protective clothing – Fragments are bagged by weight – Fragments have to be cleaned and decontaminated for safe handling Fragments are typically steel, but some tests use titanium or aluminum Data derived from the analysis is tabulated in a spreadsheet format, with the fragment designation, count, bundle and panel number, X/Y location, and size/weight

5. Fragment Set Weight Distribution STEEL WARHEAD FRAGMENT SET FOR FRAG BUNDLE SCANNER TESTING

6. Typical Fragment Morphology

7. Project Objective Automate analysis procedures to the maximum degree feasible – Analysis of X/Y location goal is 15 minutes/panel Portability – system can be setup by 1 person Battery operated equipment is desirable

8. Measurement Parameters X/Y resolution of.5” Minimum fragment detection of.25g

9. Approach Demonstrate a proof-of-concept capability that can be scaled up at a later time Use commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment to produce a gray-scale image of the fragments contained in a panel Process image to identify the centroid of each fragment and X/Y location – Output.csv file with the fragment location data

10. COTS Imaging Systems Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Industrial Radiography

11. What is Ground Penetrating Radar? GPR is a non-destructive imaging method that uses radar pulses to image the subsurface The radar pulses used are in the microwave band of the radio spectrum

12. How does GPR work? GPR is similar to a metal detector The GPR system sends out thousands of RF frequency pulses into the ground The frequencies that are reflected back return to the antennae Frequency analysis of the reflected RF energy allows correlation of different material compositions in the subsurface

13. GPR Schematic

14. Typical Applications Pipe Locating Archeology IED Locating (Improvised Explosive Devices) Quality control of reinforced concrete

15. Ground Penetrating Radar

16. GPR Scans

17. Benefits of GPR Usable in the field – Man-Portable – Battery operated Integrated imaging process Cost beneficial – Low start-up – Easy operation – Low maintenance

18. What is Industrial Radiography Industrial Radiography is also a non-destructive detection method which utilizes X-rays and gamma rays to view material s

19. How Industrial Radiography Works Similar to medical radiography, Industrial radiography uses an X-ray source to bombard a sample with high- energy radiation onto a film or a digital detector This creates a 2D image of the different materials in the sample.

20. Radiography Schematic

21. Radiography Components Source

22. Typical Applications Security Medical Imaging Non-Destructive Testing – Castings – Welds

23. Medical X-Ray Radiography X-Ray Source Imaging Surface

24. Industrial Radiography

25. Benefits of Industrial Radiography Extremely accurate Detects and categorizes different metals Years of precedents have been set

26. Simulated Fragment Panel Analysis We scanned a random sample of shrapnel pieces Used Photoshop to render a black and white image Used program Pixcavator 6.0 to analyze.tif file for information on size, X/Y location, thickness, length, etc. Information is exported to an excel spreadsheet for analysis

27. Simulated Fragment Panel

28. Simulated Fragment Panel Black and White

29. Simulated Panel with Border Detection

30. Image Analysis Data Pixcavator 6.0 OUTPUT IDTypeLocation XLocation YSizePerim.Round.GrayContrastThick.LengthID 1D19211021059764421111171 2D10514022562724521011202 3D53014719854843821713 3 4D324257638110662822716384 5D4713091025151562323217575 6D27032912343816319210 6 7D16436516853745220310167 8D54041211542805020510 8 9D27024136488584021510339 10D139183236617743212131710 11D434443477877831224192311 12D229408377837733172382216512 13D407382433841432162392318313 14D140426816201253921689114 15D5441310181644727228156715 16D346430362777634221152216 17D11042925362803621915 17 18D319417287746540215102618 19D51041812871655921234206119 20D353392322776735220122620 Dark objects:61 Light objects0

31. Program Plan Contact vendors – Image dummy panels using radiography and GPR – Utilize 2D images for image processing study Image Processing Approach – 2D grayscale image can be processed using MATLAB to determine the centroid and area of each fragment – Tabulate fragments by area and X/Y location

32. Current Status Dummy panels have been fabricated They will be shipped/delivered to USRadar, Hayes, ATS, and University Hospital this week Start analysis of our simulated fragment panel this week

34. Questions?