1. Parkdale Lang Guide to Exam Success English Language Unit One 2013

2. What we need to study Area of Study One The nature and functions of language Area of Study Two Language Acquisition

3. Area of Study One The Nature and Function of Language Key knowledge from VCAA – The properties that distinguish human communication as unique – Language as a meaning making system that is both arbitrary and rule- governed – The primary modes of language: Spoken, written and sign – Major functions that language serves when used in a given context – The influence of context on language choice – Features that characterise speech and writing – The structure of language, from morphemes to lexemes, to phrases to clauses, to sentence structures and types – The ways in which language encodes social and cultural understandings, including linguistic relativism and determinism – Metalanguage to discuss aspects of the nature and functions of human language

4. Area of Study One The Nature and Function of Language What does this mean? Here’s the breakdown… You need to know the three different modes of language. What are they? What does the word ‘arbitrary’ mean? Why is human communication considered unique? Pg 13-19 of your text will help!

5. Area of Study One The Nature and Function of Language Remember the countless tables you had to fill out for your folio? Now is the time to pull those out and revise the following terms: FunctionLocale RegisterAudience/Interlocuter ModePurpose FieldDomain Check Pg 1-11 of your textbook for revision

6. Area of Study One The Nature and Function of Language In AOS 1, we learnt about the five subsystems. While many of you can reel off what they are, how many of you can explain in detail what the terms actually mean? Here they are: Phonetics and Phonology Syntax Semantics Discourse Analysis Morphology and Lexicology Pg 26-27 of your textbook explain this in more detail

7. Area of Study One The Nature and Function of Language Phonetics and Phonology The subsystem ‘Phonetics and Phonology’ is referring to sound. The two different terms, ‘Phonetics’ and ‘Phonology,’ represent two different meanings within the study of sound. What are those two meanings?

8. Area of Study One The Nature and Function of Language Places and manners of articulation Can you describe the different places we make sounds, and how we make them? Pg 84-91 of your textbook is worth having a look at!

9. Area of Study One The Nature and Function of Language Semantics – What does this term mean? – Think back to our Metalanguage SAC. There was a question on connotation and denotation. – Semantics refers to the meaning of words, so why do the terms connotation and denotation come under this subsystem? – What does the word onomatopoeia mean? – What is a euphemism?

10. Area of Study One The Nature and Function of Language Syntax – This is the study of sentences. – There are four types: Simple Compound Complex Compound-Complex

11. Area of Study One The Nature and Function of Language You need to know what each sentence is made up of. Do the following terms sound familiar? – Independent Clause – Dependent Clause – Subject and Verb – Phrase – Can you describe the difference between a phrase and a clause? Check the handouts that were given to you in class!

12. Area of Study One The Nature and Function of Language We also have four different names for types of sentences, depending on their function. We have: – Declarative – Exclamative – …. – What are the other two? What function does each different type of sentence serve? Check the handouts that were given to you in class!

13. Area of Study One The Nature and Function of Language Morphology and Lexicology – Remember, these words have two different meanings. – Morphology is the changing of words through the addition of an affix. We have two different terms that we need to master. Inflectional morphemes and Derivational morphemes. – Lexicology refers to our word bank. We are referring the words that are a part of an individuals vocabulary, that are specific to that person. Check Pg 48-49 of your textbook!

14. Area of Study One The Nature and Function of Language Parts of speech is related to our discussion of lexicology. Think back to our Metalanguage test, when you were asked to read an excerpt from Harry Potter and identify the different parts of speech. How confident were you? Revise the following: Common NounsProper Nouns VerbsPrepositions AdjectivesArticles ConjunctionsAdverbs Pg 36-43 in your textbook is a good place to look!

15. Area of Study One The Nature and Function of Language Discourse Analysis Think back to our Metalanguage test. Can you remember what the term Discourse Analysis meant? What are we analysing?

16. Area of Study Two Language Acquisition Key knowledge from VCAA The nature and the developmental stages of child language acquisition The major theories of child language acquisition Commonalities and differences between learning a language as a young child and as an adult, including first and additional language learning Phonological, morphological, lexical, syntactic and semantic development in children Metalanguage to discuss how language is acquired

17. Area of Study Two Language Acquisition Here’s the break down of key things you should know: The three major theories of language acquisition. What are they? Can you explain them? Have a look at Pg 107-110 of your textbook!

18. Area of Study Two Language Acquisition Can you identify some major names that played a role in the creation of the different theories? Noam Chomsky ? ? ?

19. Area of Study Two Language Acquisition The different stages of language acquisition. How many stages are there? What are they called? What is involved in each stage? Give an example of the types of words a child would display at each stage. Also consider what they may leave out at each stage (hint: conjunctions…) Pg 76-82 of your text will help you!

20. Area of Study Two Language Acquisition We have now all studied the acquisition of a second language. In addition to this, you have experienced learning a second language at some point throughout your education. Define the following terms: Bilingualism – Simultaneous bilingualism – Consecutive bilingualism Multilingualism Check Pg 111-114 of your textbook!

21. Area of Study Two Language Acquisition A few more key terms… Dyslexia Dysphonia You need to be able to explain what these terms are and the impact they have on language acquisition.

22. Some helpful resources Growing up Bilingual http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAPyoHERyfQ&list=PLB4rsw1cbMr52lr-jJgrZ2YcT0nAOgZ9- Language and the brain BBC http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwujZDS-5SM How Children acquire and produce language http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2i1z37nYMrM Stephen Krashen on Language Acquisition http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NiTsduRreug Stephen Krashen on Second Language Acquisition at Pagoda Academy in Busan Part http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shgRN32ubag http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shgRN32ubag

23. Some helpful resources Blog http://blog.thelinguist.com/ Star Trek Second Language Acquisition http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=idZamHQyE7k Patricia Kuhl: The Linguistic Genius of babies http://www.ted.com/talks/patricia_kuhl_the_linguistic_genius_of_babies.html Patricia Ryan: Don't insist on English! http://www.ted.com/talks/patricia_ryan_ideas_in_all_languages_not_just_english.html ShaoLan: Learn to read Chinese... with ease! http://www.ted.com/talks/shaolan_learn_to_read_chinese_with_ease.html?qsha=1&utm_expid=166907- 27&utm_referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ted.com%2Fsearch%3Fcat%3Dss_all%26q%3DLanguage%26page %3D2 http://www.ted.com/talks/shaolan_learn_to_read_chinese_with_ease.html?qsha=1&utm_expid=166907- 27&utm_referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ted.com%2Fsearch%3Fcat%3Dss_all%26q%3DLanguage%26page %3D2 Patricia Kuhl: Language http://www.ted.com/speakers/patricia_kuhl.html

24. Things to remember Don’t freak out. Plan your time effectively, and this will reduce any last minute panic that may occur before the exam. Using memory tricks can help. Check out this TED Talk. http://www.ted.com/talks/joshua_foer_feats_of_mem ory_anyone_can_do.html http://www.ted.com/talks/joshua_foer_feats_of_mem ory_anyone_can_do.html

25. Things to remember Make a study playlist. I have a playlist I use when I am making your PowerPoints. If music works for you, use it to help you focus. Use flash cards. Make your own set and help each other study. Cheat sheets are also a useful study tool (you can’t bring one into the exam!).

26. Things to remember Get lots of sleep and eat healthy food. Red Bull etc will help you study for a short period of time, and make you flaky for the rest of the day. It’s not worth it!