1. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net The Joy of Learning : æsthetic social intrinsic motivation Paul Kawachi FRSA Open University of China kawachi @ open - ed. net

2. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net The Joy of Learning : æsthetic social intrinsic motivation Paul Kawachi FRSA Open University of China kawachi @ open - ed. net http : // www. open - ed. net / library / joy. ppt

3. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net this presentation shows how to enjoy learning : how to achieve the joy of learning overview

4. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net this presentation shows how to enjoy learning : how to self-achieve the joy of learning, and how to guide others to achieve the joy of learning this is emancipation overview

5. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net we need to know what we mean by ' joy ' and ' learning ' overview

6. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net we need to know what we mean by ' joy ' and ' learning ' and we need to review the motivations to learn because these tell us how to move overview

7. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net we need to know what we mean by ' joy ' and ' learning ' and we need to review the motivations to learn because these tell us how to move and it would be good if we could get a template for how to do this in practice step-by-step overview

8. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net i definitions of ' joy ' and ' learning ' ii the motivations to learn iii a framework to scaffold learning iv a template for tutor interventions v summary : how to achieve the joy of learning overview

9. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net definitions of ' joy ' and ' learning ' : definitions

10. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net definition of ' joy ' : there are ? how many different emotions … among these. there are nine emotions associated with. education and learning … definitions

11. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net definitions

12. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net definition of ' joy ' : happiness is generic, while pleasure is known to be satisfying, and joy is a surprising new sunburst Pleasure is the gratification usually previously experienced and therefore within the known world of the student. The student knows what brings pleasure and can look forward to experiencing it again by re-visiting similar circumstances. definitions

13. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net definition of ' joy ' : Joy occurs at the boundary of the student’s world When the boundary is momentarily and unexpected broken. At that instant of ecstasy, the student experiences the joy of learning. The tutor can bring the student to within reach of this by moving the student towards his limit and then present surprising new information. “The penny drops” in the student’s mind – sometimes immediately, sometimes much later unexpectedly, and sometimes never. The æsthetic experience derives from the process of the learning, and is addictive. definitions

14. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net definition of ' joy ' : thus the joy of learning is a goal of education which cannot be reached in foundational learning at school when the student is forming his world but only later in non-foundational learning definitions

15. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net definition of ' learning ' : there is a psychological gap ( transactional distance ) between not knowing something and knowing it the aim of education is to bridge this gap to connect the new input information to prior knowledge and experience in the mind this is learning definitions

16. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net definition of ' learning ' : there is a psychological gap ( transactional distance ) between not knowing something and knowing it - the framework later here will explain transactional distance and how to achieve learning definitions

17. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net the motivations to learn : motivations

18. four orientations to learn have been uncovered through empirical interviews with students in grounded theory to be the motivations to learn : vocational academic personal social Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net motivations

19. the motivations to learn : vocational academic personal social and these each in two orientations as i extrinsic = reasons outside the course ii intrinsic = reasons in the course itself Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net motivations

20. extrinsic : intrinsic : extrinsic : intrinsic : extrinsic : intrinsic : extrinsic : intrinsic : vocational academic personal social Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net motivations

21. extrinsic : intrinsic : extrinsic : intrinsic : extrinsic : intrinsic : extrinsic : intrinsic : seeking qualification for a better job acquiring skills for own future desires want to pass exams, get good grades pursuing own intellectual interest prove one’s capability to others desire for self improvement extracurricular sports, club activities integrative, affiliative, lifelong learning vocational academic personal social Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net motivations

22. The Motivations to Learn VOCATIONAL extrinsic : seeking qualification for a better job intrinsic : acquiring skills for own future desires ACADEMIC extrinsic : want to pass exams, get good grades intrinsic : pursuing own intellectual interests PERSONAL extrinsic : prove one’s capability to others intrinsic : desire for self improvement SOCIAL extrinsic : extracurricular sports, club activities intrinsic : integrative, affiliative, lifelong learning

23. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net a framework to scaffold learning : framework

24. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net framework two significant models for learning critical thinking have been previously proposed Dewey 1933 Brookfield 1987

25. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net framework the 5 stage model of Dewey : 1) suggestion, in which the mind leaps forward to a possible solution ; 2) an intellectualization of the difficulty to frame the problem ; 3) the use of one suggestion after another as a hypothesis, to guide collection of evidence for and against ; 4) the mental elaboration of the idea (reasoning) ; and 5) testing the hypothesis by overt or imaginative action

26. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net framework the 5 stage model of Brookfield : 1) a triggering event ; 2) an appraisal of the situation ; 3) an exploration to explain anomalies or discrepancies ; 4) developing alternative perspectives ; and 5) integration of alternatives in ways of thinking or living

27. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net framework the 5 stage model of Brookfield : The five phases in each of Dewey’s Model and Brookfield’s Model are not correlated with each other, are not in linear sequence, and are not sufficiently clear to constitute the basis of a practical syllabus A new model has been proposed based on Moore’s Theory of Transactional Distance

28. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net framework the 4 stage theory of transactional distance : 1) Maximal Distance ( D- S- ) no teaching, and no structure 2) Less Distance ( D- S+ ) no teaching, but added purpose 3) Less Distance ( D+ S+ ) content teaching, and purpose 4) Minimal Distance ( D+ S- ) content relevant, freedom. D = educative dialogue S = imposed structure

29. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net framework the 4 stage model of transactional distance : 1) Maximal Distance ( D- S- ) reflective, cooperative 2) Less Distance ( D- S+ ) framing in a theory, collaborative 3) Less Distance ( D+ S+ ) review other solutions, collaborative 4) Minimal Distance ( D+ S- ) adopt new way, cooperative. D = educative dialogue S = imposed structure

30. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net the Transactional Distance Model framework

31. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net the Transactional Distance Model process

32. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net a template for tutor interventions : template

33. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net the Transactional Distance Model template Reflect on my students’ learning... isolate points and frame in some theory consider various ideas to discover a new way test-out and evaluate my new way

34. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net template S S chat and. T Ss friendliness. to initiate group. social intrinsic motivation. T illustrates future. possibilities to initiate vocational intrinsic motivation … bring S to experience ecstatic surprise to initiate ‘aesthetic’ lifelong learning motivation. T’s love of topic & support care. to initiate academic intrinsic motivation T feedback to initiate ‘curiosity’ personal intrinsic motivation Set & moderate difficulty level to initiate ‘challenge’ personal intrinsic motivation elicit & show relevance to initiate ‘fantasy’ personal intrinsic motivation

35. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net template S S chat and. T Ss friendliness. to initiate group. social intrinsic motivation. T illustrates future. possibilities to initiate vocational intrinsic motivation … bring S to experience ecstatic surprise to initiate ‘aesthetic’ lifelong learning motivation. T’s love of topic & support care. to initiate academic intrinsic motivation T feedback to initiate ‘curiosity’ personal intrinsic motivation Set & moderate difficulty level to initiate ‘challenge’ personal intrinsic motivation elicit & show relevance to initiate ‘fantasy’ personal intrinsic motivation

36. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net template … bring S to experience ecstatic surprise to initiate ‘aesthetic’ lifelong learning motivation

37. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net template … bring S to experience ecstatic surprise to initiate ‘aesthetic’ lifelong learning motivation the joy of learning =

38. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net summary : how to achieve the joy of learning summary

39. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net summary : how to achieve the joy of learning with careful guidance the student can gain a complete world view and then at the boundary of knowledge suddenly and surprisingly burst this bubble of known knowledge to achieve the addictive joy of learning summary

40. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net summary : how to achieve the joy of learning with careful guidance the student can gain a complete world view and then at the boundary of knowledge suddenly and surprisingly burst this bubble of known knowledge to achieve the addictive joy of learning : the æsthetic social intrinsic motivation. to lifelong learning summary

41. Open Education Network http :// www. open - ed. net You can download these slides freely from the website http : // www. open - ed. net / library / joy. ppt or by email to me at kawachi @ open - ed. net