1. UWC Library/Arts Faculty Training Department: Linguistics Group: Linguistics 11 Topic: Literature search: Referencing

2. Literature search - Referencing Content What is a literature search? Why a literature search? How to do a literature search  Information sources  Characteristics  Retrieval tools  Reading citation: OPAC; D-base; Internet  Writing bibliography

3. Literature search - Referencing What is a literature search? “…literature search is meant a systematic and thorough search of all types of published literature in order to identify as many items as possible that are relevant to a particular topic. These items could include not only books, but journal articles, reports, papers given at conferences or seminars, theses, patents and many other types of publication. The format is immaterial, as it is the content that is important to the researcher, and so both printed and electronic sources – and possibly also audio-visual material … - need to be included in a search”. [Gash,1]

4. Literature search - Referencing Why a literature search Quality of the final product Original research is needed thorough knowledge of general subject area  help to establish context  identify gaps/anomalies/questions  Identify appropriate readings  Eventually form basis of the literature review ……. it supply the background info for establishing – scope, context and parameters Unearth all the info that will be used Need to keep up with literature published during course Get to know context and vocabulary of field

5. Literature search - Referencing How to do a literature search Information sources Characteristics [book; journal/journal article; d-base article ] Retrieval tools [OPAC; D-base; Internet] Reading citation [Book/chapter from book; journal article; website] Writing bibliography

6. Literature search - Referencing Reading citation Why referencing Referencing styles: Modern Language Association [MLA]; Harvard; American Psychological Association [APA] Types of references: Bibliography; Reading list In-Text referencing Specific references:  Book/chapter from book  Journal article  website

7. Writing bibliography - components Book: One author [from OPAC] Reference components from OPAC record 1.Author 2. Title 3. Place of publication 4. Publishers 5.Date

8. Writing bibliography - components Book – one Author Components 1.Author: Martin Montgomery 2.Title: An introduction to language and society 3.Place of publication: London 4.Publishers: Routledge 5.Date:1995 MLA style Author Title Montgomery, Martin. An introduction to language and society. 2 nd ed. London: Routledge, 1995 Edition [if available] Place of Publication Publishers Date

9. Writing bibliography - components Book: chapter from book [Author of chapter] [title of chapter in book] Slimani, Assia: “Evaluation of classroom interaction.” Evaluating Second language Education. Eds. J. Charles Alderson and Alan Beretta. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. 197-221. [Pages of chapter in book]

10. Writing bibliography – components Journal article - Print  Basic format: - Periods separate main parts of an entry - Page numbers are preceded by a colon and a space - Names of periodicals are underlined. - Titles of articles are placed in quotation marks.  Basic components: - Author - Title of article - Title of journal - Date - Volume Publication Information - Issues/Numbers/Seasons - Page numbers

11. Writing bibliography - components Journal article – print copy Example: Name of author Title of article Dlali, Mawande. “The speech act of complaint in IsiXhosa.” South African Journal of African Languages 23.3 (2003): 131-143 Title of journal Volume Issue number Date Pages Name of author Title of article Dlali, Mawande. “The speech act of complaint in IsiXhosa.” South African Journal of African Languages 23.3 (2003): 131-143 Title of journal Volume Issue number Date Pages

12. Writing Bibliography - Database “ Any grouping of data for a particular purpose or for the use of a particular set of End users.” “…a collection of works, data or other material which, are arranged in a systematic or methodical way and are individually accessible by electronic or other means.”

13. Writing Bibliography - Different types of d-base Bibliographic d-base Full text d-base Bibliographic and Full text d-base

14. Writing Bibliography - Reading formats on D-base Citation Abstract Full text Abstract Plus

15. Writing bibliography - components Journal article – Online source [database] Basic Components: 1.Name of author (if given) 2.Publication information of the printed source [Title of the work or material (if given; a review or letter to the editor may be untitled), in quotation marks; name of the periodical; volume-issue-; date; pages] 3. Title of database 4. Publication medium 5. Name of supplier/vendor 6.Date of access

16. Writing bibliography - components Journal article – Online source [database]  Example Name of authors Publication info of print source Wentzel, A.; Jacobs, G. “How the internet necessitates a rethink of multimodal education: research in higher education.” South African journal of Higher Education vol. 18.1 (2004): 322-335. SA ePublications. Online. SABINET. 18 February 2007 Name of database Medium of publication Name of Supplier /Vendor Access date

17. Writing bibliography - components Internet – article from website  Basic components : - Name of author - Title of work - Date of Internet publication or last revision - URL or any other retrieval information - Date of access Example: Names of authors Title of article Stein, Pippa and Newfield, Denise. “Shifting the gaze in South African classroom: new pedagogies, new publics, new democracies.” http://www.readingonline.org/international/stein/ 18 February 2007 http://www.readingonline.org/international/stein/ URL Access date Names of authors Title of article Stein, Pippa and Newfield, Denise. “Shifting the gaze in South African classroom: new pedagogies, new publics, new democracies.” http://www.readingonline.org/international/stein/ 18 February 2007http://www.readingonline.org/international/stein/ URL Access date

18. Bibliography 1. Alderson, J. Charles and Beretta, Alan (eds.). Evaluating second language education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992 2. Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Style Manual and guide to scholarly publishing. 2 nd ed. New York: The Modern Language Association of America. 1998 3. Li Xia and Crane, Nancy B.: Electronic styles a handbook for citing electronic information. 2 nd Ed. Medford: Information Today, INC. 1996 4. Montgomery, Martin. An introduction to language and society. 2 nd Ed. London; New York: Routledge. 1995 5. Stein, Pippa and Newfield, Denise. “Shifting the gaze in South African classroom: new pedagogies, new publics, new democracies.” 18 February 2007 6. Weidenborner, Stephen and Caruso, Domenick: Writing research papers a guide to the process. 5 th Ed. Boston; New York: Bedford/St.Martin. 1997