1. Closing Statements

2. About Closing Statements They are more difficult to prepare than opening statements.  You never know exactly what will come out at trial.  You cannot “memorize” your closing statement because things change.  A good closing statement is modified during the trial.

3. Ways to create Closing Statements Create an outline  Script an introduction & some parts of the argument  Create an outline for the parts that may need to be altered later.  Be sure to leave room for necessary changes.  Divide your outline into sections so you know where to put in or omit information easily.  Be sure to point out the other sides mistakes or omissions of key elements.  Prepare a conclusion

4. Closing Statement 1. Reestablish theme & theory. 1. Start with the story once again. Return to the theme that was introduced in the opening statement. 2. State again what you promised to show the jury 1. Review what the point of your case was, so that as you present your argument, they can see how the elements and facts contributed to your case over all. 2. Remember the jury wants to see if you are still committed to the promises you made them during your opening statement. 3. Organize your argument 1. Usually, a closing argument is organized around the different elements of your case. 1. (E.g. motive, means, and opportunity for criminal cases and neglect, obligation, and penalty for civil cases.) 2. Structuring the closing around your theme, the evidence, or witness statements can work as well. 3. Chose one and stick with it. In the end the jury must be able to see the whole story from beginning to end

5. Closing Statements 4. Within that organization argue. 1. Talk about each thing you proved, and explain how you proved it. Revisit the logic of how your evidence proves your theory; explain how your witnesses confirm your theory. 5. Attack the opposition’s argument. 1. This is the time to challenge the positions, theory, evidence, and witnesses of the other side. 2. Ideally you want to find holes in the opposition’s logic, and then point out those inconsistencies. 1. (It is this section of the closing argument that needs to be modified during the trial.) 3. You must challenge all the elements of the other side’s case. You can use such introductory phrases as: “The other side would have you believe that, but you can now see.” or “First the other side wanted you to believe, but then their witness said...”

6. Closing Statements 6. End big. 1. Your closing is the last time to make an impression on the jury. You should end with a strong message about why this case is important and why they should rule in your favor. 2. Don’t be afraid to make an emotional appeal. Once again, tell the jury directly what you need from them: “You must now bring back a verdict of guilty in the...”

7. Closing Statement Example http://www.americanrhetoric.com/MovieSpeeches/ moviespeechtokillamockingbird.html http://www.americanrhetoric.com/MovieSpeeches/ moviespeechtokillamockingbird.html Atticus Finch – To Kill A Mockingbird – Closing speech.