1. Section six The seed  Seed is a characteristic reproductive organs of seed plant. The flower through pollination and fertilization, ovule in ovary developed seed.

2.  For example  Semen Armeniacae Amarum( 苦杏仁 ) ; Semen Astragali Complanati( 沙苑子 ) ; Semen Cassiae( 决明子 )and so on.

3. Semen Armeniacae Amarum Semen Astragali Complanati Semen Cassiae

4. Part one shape and structure of seed  Shape, size, color, exterior texture and so on in different with different species.

5.  They have various form : roundness (coconut), elliptical(gingko), kidney-shaped(bean), heart- shaped( Semen Armeniacae Amarum ), diamond( Semen Cassiae ) and so on.

6.  sizes : large coconut, gingko and pinang. small seed of plantain, Gastrodia elata seed( 天麻种子 ) and Bletilla striata seed( 白芨种子 ).

7.  colour : mung bean and white haricot bean.  surface : coarseness(coconut), rumple(Semen Euphorbiae), trichoma(Semen Strychni) etc.

8. pinang gingko Gastrodia elata plantain coconut

9. mung bean white haricot bean soya jequirity Vigna angularis

10.  Structure seed coat  embryo  endosperm

11. Transverse section of Semen Armeniacae Amarum

12.  1.seed coat(integument)  ① hilum : it is a round or elliptical scar falling from funicle or placenta of mature seed.  ② micropyle : the reached part of radicle or of absorbed water when seed bourgeon.  ③ chalaza : meeting dot of vascular bundle in seed coat.  ④ raphe : ridgy line between hilum and chalaza.

13. 1.Hilum 2. chalaza 3. raphe 4.micropyle 5.seed coat 6. radicle 7. Plumule 8. cotyledon 9. embryo axis

14.  ⑤ caruncle : integument extend a spongy tuber, absorbing water for helping bourgeon of seed. like castor-oil plant or croton.  ⑥ aril : funicle and tissue in placenta extend to form. For example, lichi( 荔枝 ), longan( 龙眼 ) (succulent) and Fructus Amoni( 砂仁 ) ( membranaceous ).

15. lichi longan Fructus Amoni

16.  2.embryo radicle: will develop main root  embryo axis: will develop the part  connecting root and stem  plumule: will develop stem and leaf  cotyledon:Dicotyledoneae and  Monocotyledoneae.

17.  3.endosperm  It has white colour and locates around embryo. It has nourishment, starch, protein or fat etc.  Perisperm, it is a not entirely absorbing nourishment around embryo and endosperm in budding process of seed.

18. 1.Seedcoat 2.vascular bundle 3.putting wrong tissue 4.endosperm

19. Part two the type of seed  According endosperm have or not  ① Albuminous seed  Embryo is comparatively small, cotyledon is thin. Like wheat and rice etc.

20. 1.hilum2.raphe3.chalaza4.caruncle5.seed coat 6.cotyledon7.endosperm8. plumule9. embryo axis10.radicle

22.  ② Exalbuminous seed  Cotyledon is freshy without endosperm. like soya, almond and seed of pumpkin.

23. 1.Hilum 2. chalaza 3. raphe 4.micropyle 5.seed coat 6. radicle 7. Plumule 8. cotyledon 9. embryo axis

25.  Review Questions  一.Definition  aril, hilum, micropyle, chalaza, raphe, caruncle  二.simple answer  1.what is the composing of the embryo?