1. Lancaster, PA Courtyard by Marriott Danielle Shetler - Structural Option Senior Thesis - Spring 2005

2. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Presentation Outline Background Background Existing Structural Conditions Existing Structural Conditions Proposal Proposal Structural Redesign Structural Redesign LEED Study LEED Study Cost Comparison Cost Comparison Conclusions/Recommendations Conclusions/Recommendations

3. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Background Project Team Project Team Baker, Ingram & Associates – Structural Engineer Baker, Ingram & Associates – Structural Engineer Barton Associates, Inc – Mechanical/Electrical Engineer Barton Associates, Inc – Mechanical/Electrical Engineer High Construction Company – Design- Builder High Construction Company – Design- Builder High Hotels, LTD – Owner High Hotels, LTD – Owner Greenfield Architects, LTD - Architect Greenfield Architects, LTD - Architect

4. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Background Location Location Greenfield Corporate Center – Lancaster, PA Greenfield Corporate Center – Lancaster, PA Courtyard by Marriott Project North

5. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Background 5 Story Hotel 5 Story Hotel 133 Guest Rooms 133 Guest Rooms 83,821 Square Feet 83,821 Square Feet Construction Dates Construction Dates Start Date – July 12, 2004 Start Date – July 12, 2004 Completion Date – June 30, 2005 Completion Date – June 30, 2005 Project Delivery Method – Design Build Project Delivery Method – Design Build Total Cost = $9,550,000 Total Cost = $9,550,000

6. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Presentation Outline Background Background Existing Structural Conditions Existing Structural Conditions Proposal Proposal Structural Redesign Structural Redesign LEED Study LEED Study Cost Comparison Cost Comparison Conclusions/Recommendations Conclusions/Recommendations

7. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Existing Structural Conditions Building Length = 253’-10” Building Length = 253’-10” Largest Width = 74’-9” Largest Width = 74’-9” Building foot print with typical bay – 28’ span Building foot print with typical bay – 28’ span

8. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Existing Structural Conditions Existing Structural System Existing Structural System Foundation Foundation Spread footings (31) – various sizes Spread footings (31) – various sizes 4” & 6” Slab on Grade 4” & 6” Slab on Grade Floor System Floor System 8” pre-cast hollow core plank – span east/west direction 8” pre-cast hollow core plank – span east/west direction Gravity Gravity 8” reinforced masonry shear walls 8” reinforced masonry shear walls Lateral Lateral Moment frames Moment frames

9. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Existing Structural Conditions 1 st Floor – lobby area, conference room, pool, restaurant, kitchen 1 st Floor – lobby area, conference room, pool, restaurant, kitchen Exterior Wall: 8” reinforced load bearing ivany block Exterior Wall: 8” reinforced load bearing ivany block Interior: Steel columns – do not follow grid Interior: Steel columns – do not follow grid 2 nd Floor – guest rooms 2 nd Floor – guest rooms Framed with large steel beams Framed with large steel beams W 36x393, W 36x300, W 36x230, W 27x84 W 36x393, W 36x300, W 36x230, W 27x84 Moment connections - central Moment connections - central north/south & east/west directions north/south & east/west directions

10. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Existing Structural Conditions 2 typical bays – 2 nd floor 2 typical bays – 2 nd floor

11. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Existing Structural Conditions 3 rd, 4 th & 5 th Floors – guest rooms 3 rd, 4 th & 5 th Floors – guest rooms 8” reinforced masonry shear walls 8” reinforced masonry shear walls Typical bay – 3 rd, 4 th & 5 th floors Typical bay – 3 rd, 4 th & 5 th floors

12. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Existing Structural Conditions Typical shear wall layout Typical shear wall layout

13. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Existing Structural Conditions Existing Building Section Existing Building Section Total building Height = 52’ Total building Height = 52’ 1st floor height = 12’-8” 1st floor height = 12’-8” 2 nd, 3 rd & 4 th floor heights (each) = 10’ 2 nd, 3 rd & 4 th floor heights (each) = 10’ 5 th floor height = 9’-4” 5 th floor height = 9’-4”

14. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Existing Structural Conditions Lateral Loads Lateral Loads Wind Loads (N/S Direction) Wind Loads (N/S Direction)

15. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Existing Structural Conditions Seismic Loads (N/S & E/W Directions) Seismic Loads (N/S & E/W Directions) R = 3.5 R = 3.5

16. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Existing Structural Conditions Gravity Loads Gravity Loads Dead Loads Dead Loads 8” Pre-cast Planks = 65 psf 8” Pre-cast Planks = 65 psf 8” CMU = 32 psf 8” CMU = 32 psf Structural Steel = 5 psf Structural Steel = 5 psf Metal Deck = 2 psf Metal Deck = 2 psf Roofing Materials = 7 psf Roofing Materials = 7 psf MEP, Misc = 10 psf MEP, Misc = 10 psf Total = 121 psf Total = 121 psf Live Loads Live Loads Corridor/Guest Rooms = 40 psf Corridor/Guest Rooms = 40 psf Mechanical Rooms = 150 psf Mechanical Rooms = 150 psf Stairs = 100 psf Stairs = 100 psf Wall Loads Wall Loads 8” CMU + E.I.F.S. = 47 psf 8” CMU + E.I.F.S. = 47 psf

17. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Presentation Outline Background Background Existing Structural Conditions Existing Structural Conditions Proposal Proposal Structural Redesign Structural Redesign LEED Study LEED Study Cost Comparison Cost Comparison Conclusions/Recommendations Conclusions/Recommendations

18. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Proposal Structural System Redesign Structural System Redesign Combination of masonry shear walls and steel floor framing to staggered truss system Combination of masonry shear walls and steel floor framing to staggered truss system Change roof from sloped to flat - green roof Change roof from sloped to flat - green roof Design Criteria Design Criteria Code requirements for IBC 2003 Code requirements for IBC 2003 Maintain large open area on 1 st floor Maintain large open area on 1 st floor Maintain low floor-to-floor height Maintain low floor-to-floor height Provide feasible & cost effective design Provide feasible & cost effective design

19. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Proposal Why staggered truss system? Why staggered truss system? Provides large column free open space on first floor Provides large column free open space on first floor Provides an open floor layout for hotel rooms on upper floors Provides an open floor layout for hotel rooms on upper floors Provide low floor-to-floor height Provide low floor-to-floor height Highly efficient for resistance to lateral loads caused by wind and earthquake Highly efficient for resistance to lateral loads caused by wind and earthquake Fast and easy construction (especially useful during winter construction) Fast and easy construction (especially useful during winter construction) Light system Light system

20. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Presentation Outline Background Background Existing Structural Conditions Existing Structural Conditions Proposal Proposal Structural Redesign Structural Redesign LEED Study LEED Study Cost Comparison Cost Comparison Conclusions/Recommendations Conclusions/Recommendations

21. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Structural Redesign Staggered Truss System Staggered Truss System Trusses Trusses Transverse direction Transverse direction Story high trusses Story high trusses Located in demising walls between guests rooms Located in demising walls between guests rooms Placed on alternating column lines – staggering between floors Placed on alternating column lines – staggering between floors Moment frames Moment frames Longitudinal direction Longitudinal direction 8” pre-cast hollow core plank floor system 8” pre-cast hollow core plank floor system Connected to truss chords with weld plates & grouted Connected to truss chords with weld plates & grouted Transfers load to trusses Transfers load to trusses Spread footings Spread footings AISC Design Guide 14 AISC Design Guide 14 ETABS ETABS Slope roof  Flat roof Slope roof  Flat roof 8” pre-cast hollow core plank 8” pre-cast hollow core plank

22. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Structural Redesign New Building Layout New Building Layout 252’ x 74’ 252’ x 74’ Truss spacing – 28’ Truss spacing – 28’ Truss span – 74’ Truss span – 74’ 1 st floor height – 13’ 1 st floor height – 13’ All other floor-to-floor heights – 10’ All other floor-to-floor heights – 10’

23. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Structural Redesign Typical section with staggered truss system Typical section with staggered truss system Odd Story Even Story

24. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Structural Redesign

25. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Structural Redesign Typical Truss Typical Truss Vertical & diagonal members – 6” tube sections Vertical & diagonal members – 6” tube sections Chords – W 10’s Chords – W 10’s Columns – W 12’s Columns – W 12’s Vierendeel Panel Web Members – HSS shape Chord members – W shape

26. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Structural Redesign Lateral Loads Lateral Loads Wind Loads (N/S Direction) Wind Loads (N/S Direction)

27. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Structural Redesign Seismic Loads (N/S & E/W Directions) Seismic Loads (N/S & E/W Directions) R = 3.0 R = 3.0

28. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Structural Redesign Gravity Loads Gravity Loads Dead Loads Dead Loads 8” Pre-cast Planks = 65 psf 8” Pre-cast Planks = 65 psf Leveling Compound = 5 psf Leveling Compound = 5 psf Structural Steel = 5 psf Structural Steel = 5 psf Green Roof Material = 25 psf Green Roof Material = 25 psf Partitions = 12 psf Partitions = 12 psf MEP, Misc = 10 psf MEP, Misc = 10 psf Total = 122 psf Total = 122 psf Live Loads Live Loads Corridor/Guest Rooms = 40 psf Corridor/Guest Rooms = 40 psf Mechanical Rooms = 150 psf Mechanical Rooms = 150 psf Stairs = 100 psf Stairs = 100 psf Wall Loads Wall Loads 23 psf 23 psf

29. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Structural Redesign Load Combinations – IBC 2003 Load Combinations – IBC 2003 1.4D 1.4D 1.2D + 1.6L 1.2D + 1.6L 1.2D + 1.6W + 0.5L 1.2D + 1.6W + 0.5L 1.2D + 1.0E + 0.5L 1.2D + 1.0E + 0.5L 0.9D + (1.0E or 1.6W) 0.9D + (1.0E or 1.6W)

30. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Structural Redesign Results of design Results of design 8” pre-cast hollow core plank 8” pre-cast hollow core plank Truss web members (vertical & diagonal) Truss web members (vertical & diagonal) HSS 10 x 6 HSS 10 x 6 Truss chord members Truss chord members Range W 10 x 33 to W 10 x 112 Range W 10 x 33 to W 10 x 112 Columns Columns W 12 x 96, W 12 x 106, W 14 x 132 W 12 x 96, W 12 x 106, W 14 x 132 Foundation Foundation Fewer spread footings (20) – possible size reduction Fewer spread footings (20) – possible size reduction Possibility of using 2 long strip footings Possibility of using 2 long strip footings

31. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Presentation Outline Background Background Existing Structural Conditions Existing Structural Conditions Proposal Proposal Structural Redesign Structural Redesign LEED Study LEED Study Cost Comparison Cost Comparison Conclusions/Recommendations Conclusions/Recommendations

32. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA LEED Study Green Roof Implementation Green Roof Implementation Change roof from slope to flat Change roof from slope to flat Pre-cast planks replace cold formed trusses Pre-cast planks replace cold formed trusses Add vegetated roof to 85% of entire roof area (15,850 Square Feet) Add vegetated roof to 85% of entire roof area (15,850 Square Feet) LEED credit LEED credit 1 point 1 point Criteria – cover at least 50% of entire roof area Criteria – cover at least 50% of entire roof area

33. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA LEED Study Section of green roof material Section of green roof material Waterproof Membrane/Insulation Plant Media Vegetation/Plants Roof Structure Drainage Layer & Filter

34. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA LEED Study Advantages Advantages Lengthens roof life by 2 or 3 times Lengthens roof life by 2 or 3 times Lowers noise levels Lowers noise levels Reduces immediate storm water run-off Reduces immediate storm water run-off Reduces building cooling & heating cost Reduces building cooling & heating cost Absorbs carbon dioxide & creates oxygen Absorbs carbon dioxide & creates oxygen Aesthetically pleasing Aesthetically pleasing LEED credit LEED credit

35. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Presentation Outline Background Background Existing Structural Conditions Existing Structural Conditions Proposal Proposal Structural Redesign Structural Redesign LEED Study LEED Study Cost Comparison Cost Comparison Conclusions/Recommendations Conclusions/Recommendations

36. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Cost Comparison Structural System Structural System Existing Existing $1,423,584 $1,423,584 New System New System $1,003,043 $1,003,043Savings:$420,541(30%)

37. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Presentation Outline Background Background Existing Structural Conditions Existing Structural Conditions Proposal Proposal Structural Redesign Structural Redesign LEED Study LEED Study Cost Comparison Cost Comparison Conclusions/Recommendations Conclusions/Recommendations

38. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Conclusions/Recommendations Staggered Truss Staggered Truss Very efficient system Very efficient system Cost effective Cost effective Light Weight Light Weight Provides needed open space Provides needed open space Marriott Standards Marriott Standards Change in strict architecture Change in strict architecture Efficiency of room size – restricted percentage Efficiency of room size – restricted percentage Small building Small building Green Roof Green Roof Advantageous to building Advantageous to building Cost effective Cost effective Feasible for this building Feasible for this building

39. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Thank You!! Kathy Hauser – Baker, Ingram & Associates Kathy Hauser – Baker, Ingram & Associates Frank McCabe – High Hotels Frank McCabe – High Hotels Jeff Sterner – High Construction Jeff Sterner – High Construction Greenfield Architects Greenfield Architects AE Faculty AE Faculty My Friends & Family My Friends & Family

40. Senior Thesis Spring 2005 Danielle Shetler Structural option Courtyard by Marriott Lancaster, PA Questions??