1. K2K 実験 SciBar 前置ニュートリノ検出器 久野研 田窪 洋介 読み出しシステムと時間情報の較正

2. Contents K2K experiment SciBar detector & readout system Cosmic ray trigger system Timing calibration Conclusion

3. K2K Experiment Super-Kamiokande KEK 12GeV PS Near Detectors L = 250km Pure ν μ SciBar detector 1kt water cherenkov detector MRD(Muon Range Detector) SciFi detector νμνμ K2K experiment uses neutrinos made by the accelerator Pure ν μ beam whose Flux and energy are well known, can be obtained.

4. Neutrino Oscillation Oscillation Probability = Mixing angle Neutrino energy (GeV) Square mass difference(eV 2 )Flight length (km) Data Best Fit 0.6 GeV No oscillation E Δm2 = 2.8×10 － 3 (eV 2 ) sin 2 2Θ= 1.0 Best fit K2K current status

5. Neutrino interaction Assuming Charged Current Quasi-Elastic interaction –Dominant process around 1GeV neutrinos. Oscillation maximum ~0.6GeV Non-QE interactions are backgrounds for E measurement   proton  pp n CC-QE Interaction   nucleon N pion CC-nonQE Interaction

6. SciBar detector Extruded scintillator with WLS fiber readout Neutrino target is scintillator itself 2.5 x 1.3 x 300 cm 3 cell ~15000 channels Light yield 7~20p.e./MIP/cm (2 MeV) Detect 10 cm track Distinguish proton from pion by using dE/dx  High 2-track CC-QE efficiency  Low non-QE backgrounds Extruded scintillator (15t) Multi-anode PMT (64 ch.) Wave-length shifting fiber EM calorimeter 1.7m 3m Just constructed in this summer!

7. Detector Components DAQ board 64ch MAPMT Front-end board

8. Scintillator & WLS Fiber Kuraray –Y11(200)MS 1.5mmφ –Multi-clad Attenuation length ~3.6m Absorption peak ~430nm Emission peak ~476nm Charged particle Wave-length Shifting Fiber Scintillator Size : 1.3×2.5×300 cm 3 Peak of emission spectrum : 420 nm TiO2 reflector (white) : 0.25 mm thick 2.5cm 1.3 cm 300 cm 1.8 mmφ

9. Multi-anode PMT Hamamatsu H7546 type 64-channel PMT –2 x 2 mm 2 pixel –Bialkali photo-cathode –Compact –Low power : < 1000V, < 0.5mA –Typical gain : 6 x 10 5 –Cross talk : ~3% –Gain uniformity : ~20% (RMS) –Linearity : ~200 p.e. @ 6 x 10 5 Top view

10. Readout Electronics multiplexer sample&hold slow shaper preamp. fast shaper discri. CH1 CH2 CH32 VA serial output TA (32ch OR) hold PMT signal ∝ charge 1.2  s VA/TA chip VATA Chip Front-end board

11. DAQ board Control of VA readout sequence Setting of VA trigger threshold A/D conversion of VA serial output by FADC 8 front-end board (8 MAPMT) are connected to one DAQ board. 8 front-end boards(8×64ch ） 16ch×2 TA signal

12. Scintillator Installation 64 X and 64 Y layers X and Y planes were glued

13. WLS Fiber and PMT installation

14. Logic Diagram for Cosmic Ray Trigger Master trigger board TRG Timing Distributor Top Trigger Board Identification of hit track Make coincident with two trigger signals Distribute signals made from the trigger signal to other modules 7 DAQ Board Side 56 MAPMT 56 Front- end Board Trigger Board 7 DAQ Board 56 MAPMT 56 Front- end Board 112 TA We use half of the TA channels (224ch/448ch) for cosmic ray trigger. Top view Side view

15. Trigger Board Front panel : input 128 (16×8) ch LVDS/ECL Back plane : output 16ch LVDS/ECL VME 9U module input : 128 ch (16×8) Output : 16 ch FPGA decide to make trigger signal. Output : 1ch Using FPGA, trigger logic can be easily implemented for any combinations of 128 inputs.

16. Timing Distributor VME 6U module to distribute timing signals made by trigger system to DAQ backend boards 4ch NIM I/O on main board + 2 daughter boards 16ch NIM I/O Daughter board FPGA 16ch NIM I/O 16×2ch LVDS/ECL Input 8ch LVDS I/O Flexible data processing is realized using FPGA.

17. Requirement for Cosmic Ray Trigger Horizontally through-going muons are taken for calibration effectively. Distribution of cosmic ray hits is uniform. Decision time is less than 100 ns (due to the cable length of electron catcher) 32ch OR’ed signals from TA *1 (fast-triggering ASIC) are trigger board input signals.

18. Trigger Design Zenith angle > 45 degreeZenith angle < 45 degree Preparing hit patterns, track pattern matching them is selected. Track which is less than 45 degree of zenith angle is taken. Pre-scale factor can be set on the hit pattern to make hit distribution uniformly. Trigger is generated, based on the hit pattern identification.

19. Achieved Performance & Current Status Decision time is 100 nsec. Single rate of one TA is about 100 Hz. Trigger rate is about 100 Hz. Data acquisition rate is about 20 Hz. Achieved performance We now use a trigger logic for the commissioning. We make “or” signals of every other layer, and make coincident with those of the top and side separately. We make “and” signal of the top and side. Current Status

20. Angle distribution of cosmic ray event Azimuth angle (degree) Zenith angle(degree) Horizontal line taken by commissioning trigger -80080 -60 0 60

21. Hit distribution of cosmic ray event Z(cm) Horizontal position(cm) Z(cm) Vertical position(cm) taken by commissioning trigger 0 80160 0 80160 150 250 150 250 νν

22. Event display of cosmic ray event Top View Side View μ μ

23. TQ Distribution ΔT = T(X12Z1) – T(X12Z2) ADC ΔT(nsec) Correction function : ΔT = A/(ADC ＋ B) + C A,B,C : const 0300 600 0300600 -5 10 25 ΔT = 1719.8/(ADC ＋ 65.5 ）－ 5.6 -5 10 25

24. Time Resolution ΔT = T(X12Z1) – T(X12Z2) ΔT(nsec) count After TQ correction Before TQ correction ΔT(nsec) count Time resolution σ/√2 = 2.83 nsec Time resolution σ/√2 = 1.70 nsec

25. Light velocity in the fiber 0.05847E － 01 ±0.8594E － 03 y15z8 Light velocity in a fiber = 17.2 nsec/cm Δx(cm) ΔT(nsec)

26. Conclusion & Next step Cosmic ray data is taken by commissioning trigger and useful for timing and energy calibration, and so on. Timing correction was done by cosmic ray data. Timing resolution is 1.70 nsec. Light velocity in a fiber is 17.2 nsec. Ability of direction ID by using TOF will be estimated. Next step

27. CC-QE candidate Area of circle is proportional to ADC Hits along the proton track are larger Top viewSide view μ μ p p

28. 3-Track Event Top viewSide view 1 1 2 2 33

29. Neutral Current  0 Candidate Top view Side view Vertex! π0π0 e e e e γ γ π0π0 γ