2. 本章的重点、难点、教学内容 教学重点 主题句、辅助句、结束句 教学难点 教学内容 段落的发展 ; 从段落到文章 主题句、辅助句、结束句 发展段落的主要方法

3. Chapter 4 Paragraph Writing 1.Topic sentence/ Supporting evidence/conclusion (3 hours) 2. Paragraph development (3hours) 3. How to write good essays? (2hrs) 4. From paragraph to essay writing (2hrs)

4. 本周教学内容： 1. Supporting sentences 2. Concluding sentence

5. Supporting Sentences Develop the topic sentence; make it understandable, acceptable

6. Functions of Supporting sentences They give you “how”, “why”, “what” examples that relate to the topic sentence, which support or offer proof of the main idea within the topic sentence. They are the answers to the question that is mentally formed when the topic sentence is read.

7. Functions of Supporting sentences Topic sentence how why what

8. These three points can be expressed in Sentence form: First, they have come from different family backgrounds. Second, they have had different experiences. Third, they have studied different subjects.

9. The backgrounds of first year university geographers are very variable. Different family backgrounds Different experiences Studied different subjects Why are they variable?

10. Any sentences that do not support the topic sentence should be cut out. Topic sentence: Tools were very important for the people who lived a long time ago. Supporting sentences: 1. Tools made their lives better. 2. People learned to dig better with a shovel than with their hands. 3. It is easier to kill animals with those tools. 4. There are thousands of tools in the modern world.

11. 课上练习： Create supporting sentences (S3) according to S1,S2for each topic sentence Topic sentence: Watching too much television has serious effects on people’s sense of community. S1 ： Watching too much TV cut down the time they spend in exchanging ideas and feelings with their family members. S2: People are deprived of their sense of unity by confining families to their own houses and not visiting their neighbors. S3:People have less time play and chatting with friends and make new friends.

12. TS: Traveling by plane has several advantages over traveling by car. S1: Traveling by plane is faster than by car. S2: Traveling by plane is safer than by car. S3: Traveling by plane will reduce the serious traffic problems of the city.

13. 课上练习 ： Find the sentence that do not support the topic sentence: 练习 1 Topic: A market can be seen as a set of economic forces called supply and demand. Supporting: 1. Since market plays a large role in our economy, we say we have a market economy. 2. Supply forces tend to bring goods into production. 3. Demand forces tend to bring goods into production. 4. Supply and demand forces interact to form a price.

14. 练习题 2. Topic : Drunk drivers tend to cause danger. Supporting: 1. On the road, a drunk drivers is too dizzy to pay attention to traffic signs. 2. His lack of control may lead him to run a stop sign or exceed the speed limit. 3. It’s very likely he will kill or injure himself or others. 4. Most drivers can avoid these dangerous problems. 5. The drivers may get into a strange state called drunkeness.

15. Concluding Sentence signal the end of the paragraph Summarize the topic draw a conclusion Concluding sentence

16. Not all the paragraphs need a concluding sentence: A paragraph which describes a desk may not need a conclusion. But a paragraph looking at the advantages and disadvantages of advertisements on TV maybe needs one.

17. 给下面的段落加结尾句： 1. The situation of employment graduate is urgent nowadays. More and more people pay great attention to it. One important reason lies in the fact that college students pursue too high a goal. One the other hand, their majors do not fit in with the demands of the vacant jobs. Undoubtedly, the desirable jobs are always hard to find.

18. 给下面的段落加结尾句： 2. There are two reasons for students’ unacceptable behavior. Due to the family planning policy, each family has only one child, thus the child may be spoiled by the parents. Some teachers think it is useless to help those inferior students, so those students are given far less educational opportunites. Only when both sides make coordinated efforts will it be possible to modify the students’ undesirable behavior.

19. 课上练习 ： My Opinion on Campus Lectures Topic sentence: Supporting sentences: Concluding sentence:

20. My Opinion on Campus Lectures Topic sentence: I believe that the advantages of good lectures are various. Supporting sentences: 1. They broaden the students knowledge horizon and cultivate interest in different fields. 2. They make the life of the students colorful and enjoyable. 3. Lectures are just complementary and subordinate to our school work. Concluding sentence: So, in my opinion, the students should set as much time as possible to attend good lectures which are helpful to their life and study.

21. 课后作业： Find the sentences that will support the topic sentence: 1. TS: Seaside is the best place for a family vacation. （ S1 ， S2, S3 ) 2. TS: It is not good to send children to remedial classes. （ S1 ， S2, S3 ) 3. TS: Clothing is a bad investment of your money. （ S1 ， S2, S3 )

22. Homework ： 1. Revise your topic sentence, supporting sentences and concluding sentences and hand them in next week 2. Preview P81