3. Remember, sentence structure questions are easy – you just need to learn what sentence structure means. Three things should magically pop into your mind when you read the words ‘ sentence structure ’. Punctuation Sentence Types Sentence Patterns

4. Show how the author uses sentence structure to emphasise the narrator’s use of shame and panic at losing his horse. 2 marks  It would take me years to live down the disgrace. In the meantime I must hurry home as fast as my dismounted legs could carry me. If only I could catch sight of that wretched Rob Roy eating some more grass by the roadside! If only I hadn’t let him go! If only I could begin my ride all over again! How careful I would be!

5. Punctuation (the easy one!) To do well here, simply learn what the following punctuation marks do: Exclamation – conveys excitement, distress, anger Question mark – may be rhetorical, may be answered in the passage; involves the reader Inverted commas – signal a title; used to show the author does not mean something literally; can create humour/irony ‘’

6. Comma (NEVER analyse on its own!) -creates a list, can be used for parenthesis Brackets – used for parenthesis Dashes – used for parenthesis (extra info!) Single Dash – used to show an expansion (explanation or exemplification) of an idea., () -- -

7. Colon – introduce a quote/list/definition - Connect two ideas if the second is a restatement, further explanation or continuation of the first. Semi-colon – separate a list of phrases - connects two closely related ideas (often creates balance or contrast) Ellipsis – conveys hesitation / interruption of speech / builds tension : ; …

8. Sentence Types (still fairly easy!) Think about the type of sentence used and the effect this has: Short sentences – dramatic/creates tension Long sentence – does the structure mimic the ideas contained within? Questions – involve the reader / persuasive Exclamations – reveal surprise/anger/excitement One Sentence Paragraph - emphatic

9. Sentence Patterns (easy, but you ’ d be surprised how many people forget about them!) List – emphasises scale of something Repetition – draws our attention/emphatic/persuasive Climax – peak of argument / main point Anti-climax – often for humorous effect/relieves tension Inversion – (word order) changes focus of sentence Antithesis – placing together of 2 contrasting ideas

10. Now, put your knowledge to the test!

11. But they also assumed that adversity - hardship, misfortune, disappointment, God's will, tough bananas, call it what you like - must be faced with fortitude. Stoically, courageously and in many cases triumphantly, they made the most of their childless lives. 1. Explain how the author ’ s use of sentence structure helps the reader understand the meaning of ‘ adversity ’. (2) 2. How does the author ’ s use of sentence structure helps emphasise the moral fibre of these women. (2)

12. “ The war has made more openings for women than there were before. But there will still be a lot of prejudice. You will have to fight. You will have to struggle." So they did. They got on with it: a magnificent generation of women - some two million of them - who never married, never became mothers, but learned to live with their single status. For some it was a liberation, for others a tragedy; for many more an opportunity. 3. Explain how the sentence structure helps convey the determined attitude of these post-WW1 women. (2) 4. How does the author ’ s use of sentence structure help reveal how their lives were different from women of previous generations. (2)

13. Jane is the most contented and carefree woman I know. She has not long retired from a distinguished career as a genetic scientist; she has no dependents; she has an elegant house, plenty of friends, a season ticket for Scottish Opera, membership of a golf club and she travels the world - often to visit friends made on the international circuit of scientific conferences. 5. Explain how the author ’ s use of sentence structure helps give the reader an accurate impression of Jane ’ s busy lifestyle. (2)