1. TETRA Terminals Review TETRA Ireland Conference, Dublin David Taylor, Senior Consultant Mason Communications Wednesday 13 April 2005

2. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 2 PSX0319O.PPT TETRA Terminals Review 1.Introduction 2.TETRA Terminal Evolution 3.Some Key Terminal Issues 4.Drivers for New Terminal Development 5.Summary

3. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 3 PSX0319O.PPT TETRA Terminals Review 1.Introduction 2.TETRA Terminal Evolution 3.Some Key Terminal Issues 4.Drivers for New Terminal Development 5.Summary

4. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 4 PSX0319O.PPT First Generation TETRA Handportables First generation terminals no longer in market Limited processing power and memory First generation terminals provided simple ‘entry level’ features but: –Had many supplier specific ‘TETRA’ implementations –Limited talkgroup numbers –Limited Static Cipher Key capability –New features difficult to incorporate (e.g. Transmit Inhibit) –Little or no possibility for software upgrades –Poor battery performance Comparison between analogue and TETRA 1G terminal (Aachen Pilot)

5. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 5 PSX0319O.PPT Second Generation Handportables More processing power and memory –Ability to implement new features by software upgrade Extended battery life Reduced size + weight Capable of: –WAP browser –Hardware support for SIM –Multi-slot data? Colour Display Voice Feedback Public Safety Examples Commercial Examples

6. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 6 PSX0319O.PPT Enhanced Second Generation Handportables Even more processing power and memory –Physically the same as previous equipment, but often new platform under the skin Widespread use of better colour screens Integrated GPS receiver Enhanced MMI, with larger numbers of groups supported, and better group management End-to-end encryption supported (may be additional module) Public Safety Examples

7. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 7 PSX0319O.PPT TETRA Handportable Terminals - size and weight 600g 400g 200g 1 st Generation 199719981999 PAMR Public Safety 2nd + 2004 2002 2nd Generation 2001 2003

8. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 8 PSX0319O.PPT TETRA Terminal Interoperability Terminal Interoperability is a key requirement for the vast majority of users Many TETRA systems currently in operation are supporting terminals from a range of suppliers Suppliers involved in an active TIP programme At the last TETRA World Congress in Vienna, November 2004, TETRA interoperability was demonstrated with terminals from the following manufacturers: Cleartone DeTeWe/FWK OTE Motorola Nokia Sepura Teltronic

9. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 9 PSX0319O.PPT TETRA Terminals Review 1.Introduction 2.TETRA Terminal Evolution 3.Some Key Terminal Issues 4.Drivers for New Terminal Development 5.Summary

10. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 10 PSX0319O.PPT Overview Still a need for mobile and portable terminals –Mainly portables for mobile workers –However cars are still equipped –Need for motorcycle and other specialist terminals in Public Safety Portables could be personal issue, or picked up from station at start of shift –Public Safety Encrypted radios are secure devices, and need to be treated as such Most suppliers are now in enhanced second generation terminals

11. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 11 PSX0319O.PPT Basic Terminal User Requirements FeaturePublic SafetyCommercial Size and Weight 1 Battery Life 1 ‘Coverage’ Security Rugged DMO Sim V&D High Speed Data Accessories PEI 1 Handportable Requirement Portable Mobile Commercial Public Safety Market Streams Now Future

12. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 12 PSX0319O.PPT Battery Life NiCad batteries not used for some years now Most portables now use Li Ion batteries Improvements are in battery capacity and weight, not in extended battery life Most suppliers offer standard and extended life batteries, to achieve the duty cycle 19971999 2002 2001 10 20 30 Typical Battery Life (90/5/5) G1 Public Safety G1 PAMR G2 Public Safety Year Hours NiCad Li Ion NiMH Energy Density Battery Technology x 1.3 x 2 x 1

13. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 13 PSX0319O.PPT Direct Mode Expectation was for a powerful set of DMO functionality Repeaters, gateways, gateway/repeaters, dual watch Where are we today? Basic DMO in use, with gateways used to extend coverage Still to be addressed Security Channel surveillance SDS-TL PEI for DMO Dual Watch Frequency Efficient Mode Mostly Software? Interoperability was a problem but now a basic TIP A few manufacturers of gateways and repeaters

14. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 14 PSX0319O.PPT Simultaneous Voice and Data Expectation was for simultaneous voice and data calls Any combination of single or multiple calls (e.g. voice call and simultaneous data download) Where are we today? Various ‘pseudo-simultaneous’ services Voice and SDS/Status –Number of different signalling channels (FACCH, SACCH etc) depending upon the current state of the call –Slower than operation on main control channel Alternating Packet Data and Voice/SDS –Service Interaction TIP and Test Plan available –Allow suspension of one service to get another

15. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 15 PSX0319O.PPT High Speed Data Where are we today? Support for circuit mode is limited (no TIP, fewer & fewer Manufacturers) Single slot packet data well established, typically 4.8KBps max with error correction Expectation was for ‘high speed’ multi-slot data Back in 1997, the quoted 28.8KBps, using four concatenated timeslots, was being described as being fast….. For higher speeds in TETRA1, multi-slot data is needed Multi slot will be available in very near future Greater processing power will allow portables to do more than on slot TETRA2, still being developed TEDS (TETRA Enhanced Data Service) in standardisation Will be available in a few years, but needs increased channel bandwidths for the higher data rates – spectrum planning

16. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 16 PSX0319O.PPT Location Services User requirement has pushed manufacturers to offer integrated GPS solutions This includes locating the person, not just vehicles –APLS (Automatic Person Location Service) ETSI standards being enhanced to include a Location protocol standard - LIP

17. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 17 PSX0319O.PPT Personalisation Portability of personalisation data attractive for –Mobile terminals (personal issue not practical) –Shared terminals (transfer of data between shifts, e.g. telephone numbers) –Replacement and repair Upload/download from radio Re-program of terminal Download/upload via PEI Download/upload via TETRA Download/upload via local (non-TETRA) wireless link Multiple profile storage in terminal SIM Widely used Likely to be standardised solution Not robust Security?

18. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 18 PSX0319O.PPT TETRA Terminals Review 1.Introduction 2.TETRA Terminal Evolution 3.Some Key Terminal Issues 4.Drivers for New Terminal Development 5.Summary

19. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 19 PSX0319O.PPT Drivers for New Terminal Development TETRA terminal volumes are a small fraction of the GSM market (1-2%) Manufacturers seeking to exploit synergies with other product lines and technologies Common software and hardware platforms to reduce development costs TETRA standards and feature roll-out continuously evolving Competition in the TETRA market – manufacturers cannot afford to sit back and see their terminals eclipsed by others Latest trends in GSM and 3G –Colour displays –Polyphonic ring tones –Camera –MMS

20. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 20 PSX0319O.PPT Third Generation TETRA Terminals Current terminal development cycle 18 – 24 months Higher levels of integration and more MIPs –Class E equalisers? Multi-mode (TETRA/GSM/UMTS?) operation?? Enhanced data facilities, including Java Availability of data-only ‘modem’ units (here now) Over the Air download and configuration Will we see PDA type devices with TETRA capability? TETRA2 Highest speed data (nQAM) not until fourth generation? = !

21. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 21 PSX0319O.PPT TETRA Terminals Review 1.Introduction 2.TETRA Terminal Evolution 3.Some Key Terminal Issues 4.Drivers for New Terminal Development 5.Summary

22. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 22 PSX0319O.PPT Summary There remains some functionality to be delivered Hand portable terminals will continue to evolve to be lighter and smaller Interoperability is a reality; TIP determines minimum feature profile Key terminal issues being resolved: personalisation, MMI, RF Sensitive Mode Short terminal release cycle – this has a real commercial impact Specialist terminals and peripherals are starting to be commercially available TETRA Release 2 promises much but commercial reality is still several years away TETRA offers unique PMR type functionality that is not provided by public cellular networks

23. © Copyright 2005 – Mason Group Ltd 23 PSX0319O.PPT Questions? David Taylor Mason Communications Ltd 5 Exchange Quay, Manchester M5 3EF, UK Tel: +44 (0)161 877 7808 David.taylor@mason.biz www.mason.biz