1. A new population curve for prehistoric Australia by Alan N. Williams Proceedings B Volume 280(1761):20130486 June 22, 2013 ©2013 by The Royal Society

2. Distribution of archaeological sites contributing radiocarbon data to this study. Alan N. Williams Proc. R. Soc. B 2013;280:20130486 ©2013 by The Royal Society

3. The entire dataset (n = 4575; ΔT = 155) calibrated and data-binned into 200-year time intervals, uncorrected for taphonomic loss and presented as a stacked bar chart (white bars, rockshelter data; black bars, open site data). Alan N. Williams Proc. R. Soc. B 2013;280:20130486 ©2013 by The Royal Society

4. A smoothing spline (d.f. = 25), shown here against the uncorrected dataset, was implemented to reduce noise in the data and remove zero values. Alan N. Williams Proc. R. Soc. B 2013;280:20130486 ©2013 by The Royal Society

5. A smoothing spline (d.f. = 25), shown here against the taphonomic corrected dataset (corrected open site data and uncorrected rockshelter data), was implemented to reduce noise in the data and remove zero values. Alan N. Williams Proc. R. Soc. B 2013;280:20130486 ©2013 by The Royal Society

6. A plot of population estimates from 50–0 ka using uncorrected radiocarbon data. Alan N. Williams Proc. R. Soc. B 2013;280:20130486 ©2013 by The Royal Society